中文對話敘事中直接引用句的言談功能

Abstract

在日常生活對話中，人與人之間彼此分享故事以及想法，而為了傳遞這樣的想法和故事，我們時常會需要依靠引用他人或是自己來達到目的。而這樣的引用形式經常以故事敘事的方式出現。因此，本研究旨在了解中文對話敘事中其直接引用句不同的言談功能，以及直接引用句在對話敘事語境中的不同分佈。本研究收集了十六個來自八位不同對話者所自然產生的中文對話，除了分析直接引用句的功能外，也採用了敘事結構更進一步觀察直接引用句的分佈。而研究結果指出，中文的引用句可能分佈在故事中的任何階段，並且無固定順序。這樣的引用句有著提供證據以及使得故事更加戲劇化的功能，此外，本研究中的故事皆涉及情緒高漲或是具有強烈的情感體驗，而在敘事前期說故事者會利用直接引用句來介紹故事，而大部分的直接引用句則屬於主要故事行動部分並且反覆出現，使得故事內容生動具象。在評價階段，部分說故事者為表達自我態度或感受，則不會運用過多的引用句。在中文的日常敘事對話中存在著引用句使用的趨勢，而當對話的主題越是與強烈情感相關，越多的直接引用句會被大量地使用。Throughout the course of our everyday conversations, we share thoughts and stories to one another. In order to convey our thoughts and stories, we often rely on reporting other people's utterances or our own. This type of reported speech often occurs in the forms of storytelling with interactions to achieve a certain goal. Hence, the present study aims to understand the different functions of direct reported speech (DRS) in Mandarin Chinese conversation and the different distribution of direct reported speech when put in a storytelling context. To achieve the objective of this study, 16 naturally occurring conversations in Mandarin Chinese with 8 different interlocuters arecollected. In addition to the functions of direct reported speech, the distribution of DRS is also analyzed in structure of narrative: Abstract, Orientation, Main Action, Evaluation, Result and Coda (Norrick, 2000).The findings show that opposed to previous studies, DRS can appear in any part of a story and does not appear in a fixed order. In whichever section of the story, DRS serves the function of dramatizing and providing evidence. Moreover, all the stories in the study involve an elevated mood or intense emotional experience. At the early stage of a storytelling (Orientation), some speakers apply DRS to set the scene and introduce the story and most pieces of DRS fall in the Main Action section with back-and-worth recurring DRS, making the main point of the story vivid. Compared to the other sections, Evaluation does not include as many DRS. Since most storytellers express their attitude or feelings towards the addressed event in the section of Evaluation, the lack of demand for interaction results in the scarce occurrence of DRS in Evaluation section. In general, this study suggests that there exists a tendency of DRS in narrative structure and the functions of DRS are observed across languages. In particularly, the more topics are related to intense emotional experience, the more DRS are be applied.