大學生完美主義、學習倦怠與生活滿意度之相關──大學歸屬感之中介效果

Abstract

本研究旨在了解大學生的完美主義特質（完美主義奮力向上與擔憂向度）、大學歸屬感、學習倦怠（筋疲力竭、心理疏離、認知損傷及情緒損傷向度），以及生活滿意度的關聯性，並探究大學歸屬感是否在其關聯路徑中扮演中介角色。研究參與者為臺灣地區大學在學生，共554人，研究工具採用「完美主義量表」、「大學歸屬感量表」、「學習倦怠量表」，以及「生活滿意度量表」。以描述性統計、Pearson積差相關、結構方程模型（structural equation modeling, SEM）進行資料分析，並且透過拔靴法（bootstrapping）檢定中介效果是否顯著。研究結果顯示完美主義的奮力向上向度與筋疲力竭、心理疏離、認知損傷具顯著負相關，與生活滿意度、大學歸屬感則具顯著正相關；完美主義擔憂向度與筋疲力竭、心理疏離、認知損傷及情緒損傷具有顯著正相關，與生活滿意度、大學歸屬感則具顯著負相關。同時，大學歸屬感中介完美主義奮力向上與筋疲力竭、心理疏離、情緒損傷之關係，及完美主義奮力向上與生活滿意度之間關係；在完美主義擔憂與筋疲力竭、心理疏離、情緒損傷之間，完美主義擔憂與生活滿意度之間，大學歸屬感亦同樣具中介效果。整體而言，大學歸屬感能預測較低的學習倦怠與較高生活滿意度。本研究依前述結果進行討論，並針對學術研究與大學輔導工作提出相關建議，作為未來研究及實務工作之參考。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between perfectionism (perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns), university belonging, learning burnout (exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive impairment, and emotional impairment), and life satisfaction among college students. Additionally, the study explored whether university belonging played a mediating role in these relationships. The participants consisted of 554 university students from Taiwan. The research instruments used included the“Perfectionism Scale,” “University Belonging Scale,” “Learning Burnout Scale,” and “Satisfaction with Life Scale.” Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for data analysis. The research also employed bootstrapping to test the significance of mediating effects. The results indicated that perfectionistic strivings had significant negative correlations with exhaustion, mental distance, and cognitive impairment. Perfectionistic strivings had significant positive correlations with university belonging and life satisfaction. On the other hand, perfectionistic concerns showed significant positive correlations with exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive impairment, and emotional impairment, and significant negative correlations with life satisfaction and university belonging. Moreover, university belonging mediated the relationship between perfectionistic strivings and exhaustion, mental distance, and emotional impairment, as well as the relationship between perfectionistic strivings and life satisfaction. Similarly, university belonging also played a mediating role in the relationships between perfectionistic concerns and exhaustion, mental distance, emotional impairment, and life satisfaction. Overall, university belonging predicted a low level of learning burnout and a high level of life satisfaction. Based on the results, the study made the discussion and suggestions as references for future research and practical work in universities.