餐飲人員遵行菸害防制法行為及其相關因素研究-以彰化縣為例

Abstract

本論文研究旨在探討餐飲人員「遵行菸害防制法行為」之相關因素影響，以供日後落實菸害防制法及相關行政部門之參考。 本研究以彰化縣餐飲人員為研究對象，共有153名餐飲人員接受調查訪問，重要研究結果如下： 一、在彰化縣，餐廳大都集中在北彰化，餐廳類型與北部餐廳類型相較，多為小型及半開放式餐廳。 二、大部分的不吸菸者默默忍受少數吸菸者的二手菸；另外，吸菸習慣與性別有顯著相關。 三、遵行菸害防制行為中，最難做到的是「吸菸區（室），設置獨立空調或獨立排風設備」。 四、「自我效能」、「資訊來源」、「重要他人支持度」此三個變項最能預測餐飲人員「遵行菸害防制法行為」，其多元相關係數為.523，聯合解釋變異量達27.3%。 依本研究結果，建議未來在菸害防制法的宣導部份，中央與地方應該分工，中央主攻大眾傳播，地方發展人際傳播；且地方衛生單位應培養菸害防制志工，以協助有限的衛生稽查人員，從事餐飲店遵行菸害防制法的輔導工作，以減少業者抱怨法令曲高和寡；最後，衛生機關應鼓勵店家全面禁菸，一方面是較易達成，一方面是節省人力、金錢之耗費。

The main purposes of this study were to understand the restaurant workers’ behaviors of obeying the Tobacco Hazards Prevention ＆ Control Act, and the relationship between the restaurant workers’ behaviors and the relevant factors. The results of the study could be provided as reference for relative administrations to develop strategies of executing the Act in the future. This study was a cross-sectional study which selected the restaurant workers in Changhua County as research population. The data of the study were collected by questionnaire from 153 samples. The main findings were as follows: 1.Most of non-smokers tolerated second-hand smoking silently. Besides, the gender showed significant differences toward smoking behavior. 2.Among behaviors of obeying Tobacco Hazards Prevention and Control Act, the most difficult one be well done was to set up independent air-conditioner or independent ventilation system in smoking rooms. 3.Self-efficacy, the resource of information and the support from important persons were the three variables which could predict restaurant workers’ behaviors of obeying Tobacco Hazards Prevention and Control Act most efficiently, and the power explanation toward the behaviors was 27.3%. According to the results of the study, the suggestions were: 1.The central and local governments should work together to promote the Tobacco Hazards Prevention ＆ Control Act. 2.Central government should focuse on mass communication, and local governments should develops area network. 3.Local governments should train volunteers to assist hygiene inspectors to eliminate complaints from the owners of the restaurants during forcing the restaurants to implement the Act. 4.Health departments of the governments should encourage the ownersof the restaurants to ban smoking in their restaurants by easy& saving-money way to achieve the goal.