注意力不足與過動症成人之愛情之旅與生命敘說
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2017
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注意力不足／過動症的成人有高比例為不安全依附形式者，而起源於原生與父母的依附關係又會影響與伴侶的愛情依附，症狀與成長經驗的互動也使ADHD成人與伴侶相處時很具挑戰，其婚姻品質與離婚率問題在國外已漸受到關注，但在我國卻缺少相關研究，故本研究之研究目的有二：
一、 了解ADHD成人之依附取向及與伴侶之互動關係，以期能從依附觀點了解其愛情品質，提供未來對ADHD愛情連結脈絡性的研究基礎。
二、 探究ADHD成人自覺和與症狀共處的歷程，以及與伴侶轉化困境的方法，提升更多ADHD成人與伴侶的正向互動。
本研究採敘事研究法，以深度訪談為策略，深入ADHD成人的世界觀，從其生命故事中分析症狀、伴侶互動、依附關係等交互影響。研究發現若兒時父母無法成為ADHD成人的安全堡壘，則在成長過程中便會應運而生較低的自尊和自我效能感。但自卑並不一定是發展的阻力，端看個體是否能轉化自卑為催化改變的動力，若能了解症狀對自己的影響皆有機會重建正向自我概念。
而在與伴侶相處上容易也受到症狀的侵擾，健忘、不耐煩、情緒失控會漸出現，但同時ADHD成人的創意與高行動力也常使伴侶歡欣。另一方面，ADHD成人所發展出的防衛機制也會影響愛情依附關係，對於害怕自己不被愛的擔憂，或是原罪的感到自己生來犯錯，可能會需要許多證明來讓自己有被重視的感覺。伴侶對於ADHD成人具有改變依附表現的力量，而正負向與否則與ADHD成人是否能感到被接納有關，涉及伴侶對症狀的理解、轉念與忍讓。伴侶互動經常是幫助ADHD成人發展有效策略的重要關鍵，當其做出改善時，若能獲得伴侶立即性的回饋，或行動上的支持都有幫助。
本研究也對ADHD成人及其伴侶，與未來研究方向提出建議，以期對未來研究以及ADHD成人的愛情經營能有所助益。
A high proportion of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , according to the literature, have insecure attachment. Meanwhile, the type of attachment they have to their parents can impact their romantic attachment to their partners. Their ADHD symptoms and growth experiences also challenge the way they interact with their partners. Although the adult ADHDs’ marriage quality and divorce rates have drawn much international attention, there still lacks adequate research of this issue at the domestic level. Hence, this study aimed at two aspects: 1. To understand the attachment styles of adults with ADHD and their interactions with their partners in order to advance the future study on ADHD and romantic relationships. 2. To explore how adults with ADHD raise their self-awareness and co-exist with ADHD in order to explore ways of transforming their predicaments and cultivate positive power. This study applied narrative inquiry and conducted in-depth interviews to examine the worldview of adults with ADHD. Through their life stories, the researcher could analyze the interactive effects among symptoms, partner interactions, and attachment type. The research findings revealed that without parents’ "secure base" during infancy, the adults with ADHD would develop lower self-esteem and self-efficacy. However, low self-esteem is not necessarily an impediment to development. It actually depends on whether the individual could transform his or her low self-esteem into a driving force for change. Individuals who understand the influence ADHD has on them would have better chance to reestablish a positive self-concept. During their interactions with their partners, adults with ADHD are inclined to suffer from the intrusion of their symptoms, such as forgetfulness, impatience, and the gradual loss of emotional control. While the creativity and high mobility of adults with ADHD might bring joy to their partners, their defense mechanisms could exert influence on their romantic attachments. They might also have worries arising from their fear of not being loved or misconception of their existence being a mistake. There demands many efforts to guide them value themselves. The partners of adults ADHD have power to change their attachment behaviors. The more adults with ADHD feel being accepted with their partners understanding, patience and tolerance, the more positive outcomes could be expected. Partner interaction is often an important component of developing a successful strategy to help adults with ADHD. It is quite helpful for them to receive immediate feedback or support from their partners when they show improvements. Recommendations for adults with ADHD and their partners, and for future research were proposed in this study in the hope that they will benefit future research and their love journey.
A high proportion of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) , according to the literature, have insecure attachment. Meanwhile, the type of attachment they have to their parents can impact their romantic attachment to their partners. Their ADHD symptoms and growth experiences also challenge the way they interact with their partners. Although the adult ADHDs’ marriage quality and divorce rates have drawn much international attention, there still lacks adequate research of this issue at the domestic level. Hence, this study aimed at two aspects: 1. To understand the attachment styles of adults with ADHD and their interactions with their partners in order to advance the future study on ADHD and romantic relationships. 2. To explore how adults with ADHD raise their self-awareness and co-exist with ADHD in order to explore ways of transforming their predicaments and cultivate positive power. This study applied narrative inquiry and conducted in-depth interviews to examine the worldview of adults with ADHD. Through their life stories, the researcher could analyze the interactive effects among symptoms, partner interactions, and attachment type. The research findings revealed that without parents’ "secure base" during infancy, the adults with ADHD would develop lower self-esteem and self-efficacy. However, low self-esteem is not necessarily an impediment to development. It actually depends on whether the individual could transform his or her low self-esteem into a driving force for change. Individuals who understand the influence ADHD has on them would have better chance to reestablish a positive self-concept. During their interactions with their partners, adults with ADHD are inclined to suffer from the intrusion of their symptoms, such as forgetfulness, impatience, and the gradual loss of emotional control. While the creativity and high mobility of adults with ADHD might bring joy to their partners, their defense mechanisms could exert influence on their romantic attachments. They might also have worries arising from their fear of not being loved or misconception of their existence being a mistake. There demands many efforts to guide them value themselves. The partners of adults ADHD have power to change their attachment behaviors. The more adults with ADHD feel being accepted with their partners understanding, patience and tolerance, the more positive outcomes could be expected. Partner interaction is often an important component of developing a successful strategy to help adults with ADHD. It is quite helpful for them to receive immediate feedback or support from their partners when they show improvements. Recommendations for adults with ADHD and their partners, and for future research were proposed in this study in the hope that they will benefit future research and their love journey.
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Keywords
愛情依附, ADHD成人, 正向發展, romantic attachment, adult ADHD, positive development