桃園縣國中學生健康行為及其相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解桃園縣國中學生健康行為之現況，並探討自覺健康狀況、社會人口學變項與健康行為之相關情形，分析其對健康行為的預測力。研究母群體為一百學年度第二學期就讀桃園縣公私立國民中學學生之全體在學生，以班級為抽樣單位進行分層集束抽樣，利用自編結構式問卷進行資料蒐集，共得有效問卷464份，有效回收率為95.28％。經資料處理與統計分析，結果發現： 一、 研究對象的健康行為，飲食行為中以每天吃早餐表現最好，而對於食物熱量的關注及喜歡喝含糖飲料的情形仍待加強；休閒行為以從事康樂型活動比率最高，而運動行為中於運動前進行暖身運動表現最好，於劇烈運動後進行暖身運動表現最差；吸菸及飲酒行為中，有19.6％曾經吸菸，38.8％曾經飲酒；心理壓力調適，以與同學、朋友保持親密和諧關係表現最好，而有計畫安排功課並依計畫執行表現最差；事故傷害預防行為，以遵守實驗室器材、設備的使用與乘坐機車時戴安全帽的表現最好，而騎腳踏車時戴安全帽的行為仍待加強。 二、 研究對象之整體健康行為會因父親管教方式、母親管教方式、學業成就及同儕關係水準不同而有顯著差異。其中母親管教方式為開明民主者，整體健康行為表現顯著較母親管教方式為縱容忽視者為好。學業成就越好者，整體健康行為表現越好。而同儕關係越好者，整體健康行為亦表現較佳。 三、 研究對象之自覺健康行為與飲食行為、運動及休閒行為、心理壓力調適、事故傷害預防、整體健康行為有顯著正相關。 四、研究對象之整體健康行為可由性別、學業成就、同儕關係、身體質量指數、自覺健康狀況有效預測，其迴歸模式之解釋力為26.0％。 最後依據研究結果提出建議，提供未來推動國中學生健康行為改善策略之參考，以促進國中學生健康行為之形成與維持。The main purpose of this study was to investigate the present status of health behavior and its related factors among the junior high school students in Taoyuan County. The result of this study could be used to plan a promoting health program. A questionnaire was developed and utilized to collect the data. All students enrolled in the junior high school in the 2011 academic year in Taoyuan County were the population. A total of 464 subjects were sampled by a stratified cluster sampling design. The questionnaire yield was 95.28%. The main findings of the study were as follows: 1. The health behavior of junior high school students, what we concerned most about eating habits was that those young people did not pay much attention to the calorie issue and drink beverage containing sugar. As for the exercise and leisure aspect, the subjects performed great in warming up, but they need to keep a habit of conducting relaxing exercises after severe workout. Speaking of tobacco and alcohol use, 19.6% of the subjects had ever tried smoking a cigarette, and 38.8% had drunk alcohol. In terms of the stress management, the subjects performed great in keeping good connections with classmates and friends, but their abilities of arranging homework and planning a scheduleof studying should be improved. As for injuries prevention aspect, the subjects performed great in following the instruction of device in laboratory and riding on a motorcycle with a helmet, but they should keep a habit of riding on a bicycle with a helmet. 2. The parenting styles of father and mother, academic achievement and peer relationships had significant difference on health behavior. Those who had better academic achievement and peer relationship performed better health behaviors. Those whose mother’s parenting style was democratic performed better health behaviors than those whose mother’s parenting style was permissive-indulgent. 3. Perceived health status were positively correlated with eating habits, exercise behavior, stress management, intentional injuries prevention and health behavior. 4. The subjects’ socio-demographic variables and perceived health status could effectively predict their health behaviors (R2=26.0). Gender, academic achievement, peer relationships, body mass index and perceived health status were significant predictors of health behavior. According to the findings of this study, some suggestions had made for the furture projects and strategies to promote the health behaviors among junior high students.