幼兒人際知覺與同儕社會地位之關聯
Abstract
本研究旨在瞭解幼兒人際知覺的狀況，以及幼兒的人際知覺和同儕社會地位之間的關聯，並探討性別、年齡對不同人際知覺群體幼兒的同儕社會地位之差異。本研究採用立意取樣方式，以407位來自台北市、新北市公、私立幼稚園的四至六歲幼兒為研究對象。研究者透過自編「人際知覺測驗」與「照片式社會計量法」，進行一對一施測及記錄幼兒的人際知覺與同儕社會地位情形，藉此瞭解受試幼兒的人際知覺現況，並分析其與同儕社會地位的關聯。本研究結果如下：
一、受試幼兒人際知覺現況傾向：在「人性可信」方面多傾向信任；「人性利他」方面多傾向利他；「人性獨立」方面多傾向獨立；「人性意志」方面多傾向外控。二、幼兒人際知覺的人性利他與同儕社會地位有顯著關聯：幼兒人際知覺屬公平、利他者，在同儕之間較受歡迎；而人際知覺屬利己者則易被同儕拒絕。三、在不同人際知覺群體中，受試幼兒的年齡與同儕社會地位無關。四、在不同人際知覺群體中，受試幼兒的性別與同儕社會地位有關：（一）「人性可信」方面：信任組幼兒在受歡迎組的女生百分比高於男生、被拒絕組及受爭議組的男生百分比則高於女生。（二）「人性利他」方面：利己組幼兒在受歡迎組及受忽視組的女生百分比高於男生、被拒絕組及受爭議組的男生百分比則高於女生；公平組幼兒在受歡迎組及一般組的女生百分比高於男生、被拒絕組的男生百分比高於女生。（三）「人性獨立」方面：獨立組幼兒在受歡迎組及一般組的女生百分比高於男生、被拒絕組及受爭議組的男生百分比高於女生。（四）「人性意志」方面：內控組及外控組幼兒在受歡迎組的女生百分比皆高於男生；被拒絕組的男生百分比則皆高於女生。
This study were to understand the association between young children’s interpersonal perception and their social status, as well as the influence of gender and age on the different group of interpersonal perception of young children and their social status. The 407 participants were through purposive sampling who were 4 to 6 years old young children from public and private kindergartens in Taipei City as well as New Taipei City. By using “Interpersonal Perception Task” and “Picture Sociometric Technique” during one-to-one interview, the results showed as follows: First, the participants’ interpersonal perception currently were trustful in the test of trustworthiness, altruistic in the test of altruism, independent in the test of independence, and external control in the test of strength of will and rationality. Second, young children’s interpersonal perception of altruism is associated with their social status. If young children perceived more fairness and altruism, they were more popular in social status. In contrary, those perceived more selfishness were tend to be rejected by peers. Third, there was no significant association between age and social status. Fourth, young children’s gender is associated with their social status: (A) Trustworthiness: In the trust group of young children, thepercentage of popular girls is higher than boys’, and in the group of rejection and controversy, the percentage of boys is higher than girls’. (B) Altruism: In the selfish group of young children, the percentage of popular and being neglected girls is higher than boys’, and the percentage of being rejected and controversial boys is higher than girls’. In the fair group of young children, the percentage of popular and average girls is higher than boys’, and the percentage of being rejected boys is higher than girls’. (C) Independence: In the independent group of young children, the percentage of popular and average girls is higher than boys’, and the percentage of being rejected and controversial boys is higher than girls’. (D) Strength of will and rationality: In the internal and external control group of young children, the percentage of popular girls is higher than boys’, and the percentage of being rejected boys is higher than girls’.
This study were to understand the association between young children’s interpersonal perception and their social status, as well as the influence of gender and age on the different group of interpersonal perception of young children and their social status. The 407 participants were through purposive sampling who were 4 to 6 years old young children from public and private kindergartens in Taipei City as well as New Taipei City. By using “Interpersonal Perception Task” and “Picture Sociometric Technique” during one-to-one interview, the results showed as follows: First, the participants’ interpersonal perception currently were trustful in the test of trustworthiness, altruistic in the test of altruism, independent in the test of independence, and external control in the test of strength of will and rationality. Second, young children’s interpersonal perception of altruism is associated with their social status. If young children perceived more fairness and altruism, they were more popular in social status. In contrary, those perceived more selfishness were tend to be rejected by peers. Third, there was no significant association between age and social status. Fourth, young children’s gender is associated with their social status: (A) Trustworthiness: In the trust group of young children, thepercentage of popular girls is higher than boys’, and in the group of rejection and controversy, the percentage of boys is higher than girls’. (B) Altruism: In the selfish group of young children, the percentage of popular and being neglected girls is higher than boys’, and the percentage of being rejected and controversial boys is higher than girls’. In the fair group of young children, the percentage of popular and average girls is higher than boys’, and the percentage of being rejected boys is higher than girls’. (C) Independence: In the independent group of young children, the percentage of popular and average girls is higher than boys’, and the percentage of being rejected and controversial boys is higher than girls’. (D) Strength of will and rationality: In the internal and external control group of young children, the percentage of popular girls is higher than boys’, and the percentage of being rejected boys is higher than girls’.
Description
Keywords
人際知覺, 幼兒, 幼兒人際知覺測驗, 同儕社會地位, interpersonal perception, Interpersonal Perception Task, social status, young children