國中運動代表隊選手心理需求、自我決定動機與自我設限之關係研究
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2011
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本研究目的有三：（一）探討心理需求（自主性、勝任感、關係感）對自我決定動機之預測情形；（二）探討自我決定動機對自我設限之預測情形；（三）探討心理需求透過自我決定動機對自我設限之預測情形。本研究的參與者為臺北市 99 學年度八所國中體育班學生，共發 419 份問卷，剔除未全程參與者和漏答題數過多者，有效問卷共有 337 份。其中男生 214 人，女生 123 人，年齡介於 12 至 16 歲之間。採用的量表包括自主性量表、勝任感量表、關係感量表、自我決定動機量表及自我設限量表。研究結果顯示：（一）在心理需求對自我決定動機之預測方面：發現自主性、勝任感與關係感能顯著正向預測內在動機、認同調節以及自我決定動機總分；勝任感能顯著正向預測內射調節與外在調節；勝任感與關係感能顯著負向預測無動機。（二）在自我決定動機對自我設限之預測方面：發現無動機能顯著正向預測自我設限；自我決定動機總分能顯著負向預測自我設限。（三）在中介效果驗證方面：發現自我決定動機總分對勝任感以及關係感與自我設限的關係具有完全中介的效果。根據研究結果與討論，本研究亦針對運動訓練實際運用與未來研究提出建議。
The purpose of this study was three-fold : (a) to explore the predictive utility of psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) on self-determined motivation; (b) to explore the predictive utility of self-determined motivation on self-handicapping; (c) to examine the mediation effect of self-determined motivation between psychological needs and self-handicapping. Participants were 337 junior high school athletes in Taipei City (males = 214, females = 123), whose age ranged from 12 to 16 years. The measures consisted of Autonomy Scale, Competence Scale, Self-determination Motivation Scale and Self-handicapping Scale. The results showed that: (a) The autonomy, competence and relatedness positively predicted the intrinsic motivation, identified regulation and composite score of self-determined motivation. Specifically, relatedness expressed the best predictive power on intrinsic motivation and composite score of self-determined motivation, competence expressed the best predictive power on identified regulation. In addition, competence positively predicted introjected regulation and external regulation. Both competence and relatedness negatively predicted amotivation. Specifically, relatedness expressed the best predictive power. (b) In terms of the predicting of self-handicapping, amotivation positively predicted self-handicapping. Self-determined motivation negatively predicted self-handicapping. (c) Self-determined motivation showed the mediation effects in terms of the predictions of relatedness and competence on self-handicapping. Based on the results and discussion, the practical application of sports training and future research recommendations are suggested.
The purpose of this study was three-fold : (a) to explore the predictive utility of psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) on self-determined motivation; (b) to explore the predictive utility of self-determined motivation on self-handicapping; (c) to examine the mediation effect of self-determined motivation between psychological needs and self-handicapping. Participants were 337 junior high school athletes in Taipei City (males = 214, females = 123), whose age ranged from 12 to 16 years. The measures consisted of Autonomy Scale, Competence Scale, Self-determination Motivation Scale and Self-handicapping Scale. The results showed that: (a) The autonomy, competence and relatedness positively predicted the intrinsic motivation, identified regulation and composite score of self-determined motivation. Specifically, relatedness expressed the best predictive power on intrinsic motivation and composite score of self-determined motivation, competence expressed the best predictive power on identified regulation. In addition, competence positively predicted introjected regulation and external regulation. Both competence and relatedness negatively predicted amotivation. Specifically, relatedness expressed the best predictive power. (b) In terms of the predicting of self-handicapping, amotivation positively predicted self-handicapping. Self-determined motivation negatively predicted self-handicapping. (c) Self-determined motivation showed the mediation effects in terms of the predictions of relatedness and competence on self-handicapping. Based on the results and discussion, the practical application of sports training and future research recommendations are suggested.
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自主性, 勝任感, 關係感, 自我決定動機, 自我設限, autonomy, competence, relatedness, self-determined motivation, self-handicapping