學校實施家庭教育課程對國中階段青少年與父母關係之影響-以親子關係課程為例

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解國中階段青少年親子關係態度與行為的現況，發展「親子關係」之家庭教育課程，並探討親子關係課程之實施對國中階段青少年親子關係態度與行為改變之效果。 本研究採準實驗研究法，以臺北市某國中八年級四個班在學學生共140位學生作為研究對象，分為實驗組與對照組。實驗組（n=70）接受每週一次、每次45分鐘的「國中親子關係課程」，而對照組則不介入任何的實驗處理。 在課程介入前、後一週分別對實驗組與對照組進行「親子關係問卷」的前、後測，以瞭解教育介入的成效。在親子關係課程進行中，同時使用「學習單」、「課程回饋表」，作為評估與紀錄實驗組學生學習的狀況與表現、對課程活動內容的感受回饋及家庭作業的實踐情形。研究結果如下所示： 一、國中階段青少年的親子關係態度目前狀況為中等傾向，但仍有待加強；而親子關係行為目前狀況為欠佳傾向，須有待加強改善。 二、實驗組學生在親子關係態度量表與親子關係行為量表之後測得分上皆顯著高於對照組學生，顯示親子關係課程可以增進學生親子關係的態度與行為。 三、親子關係課程介入後，實驗組學生之親子關係態度與行為的改變成效，並不會因為學生背景變項的不同而有所差異，表示本親子關係課程對於不同性別、家庭結構型態及家庭社經地位之學生都有效。 最後，依據上述結論，研究者針對國中階段青少年及其家長、家庭教育工作推動與未來研究等三方面提出具體建議，以供家庭及學校教育機關及政府相關人員參考。This study focused on junior high school adolescents’ attitude and behavior in parent-child relationship. A family education program about “parent-child relationship”was developed, and the effects of this program on junior high school adolescents’attitude and behavioral changes in parent-child relationship were examined. The method of this study was quasi-experimental design. 140 students from four eight-grade classes in a junior high school in Taipei City participated in the experiment.These participants were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group (n=70) was given a 45-minute “parent-child relationship program for junior high school students” once a week, and the control was given no intervention.To understand the effectiveness of the program, both groups of students were asked to fill out the “questionnaire on parent-child relationship” one week before and after the experiment. During the program, “learning sheets” and “course feedback forms” were used to evaluate and record participants’ learning conditions, performance, dialogues in class, feedbacks, and accomplishment of assignments. The results were as follows: 1. Adolescents in the junior high school stage tended to have a moderate level of attitude towards parent-child relationships, which could be further improved; their behavior in parent-child relationships tended to be poor and needed to be improved. 2. Students in the experimental group scored significantly higher than those in the control group in the post-test of parent-child relationship attitude and behavior,suggesting that the developed parent-child relationship program could improve students’ attitude and behavior in parent-child relationships. 3. After intervention of the parent-child relationship program, students’ attitude and behavioral changes in parent-child relationships did not vary by their background variables, meaning that the developed parent-child relationship program was effective for all adolescents no matter their gender, family structure, and household socioeconomic status. Finally, based on the above conclusions, this study also provided specific suggestions regarding junior high school adolescents, promotion of family education,and future research, which could be a reference for families, schools, and authorities concerned.