布魯塞爾漫畫觀光：漫畫牆面景點之創意實踐

Abstract

漫畫/連環畫（la bande dessinée）在比利時有著相當的地位，漫畫除了被奉為第九藝術（Le Neuvième Art）之外，首都布魯塞爾更是以「漫畫首都」（Bruxelles, capitale de la bande dessinée）自稱，並以此向外行銷推廣。此外，漫畫跳脫一般作品形式，布魯塞爾城市內設置了六十多處以漫畫為主題的大型牆面繪畫，範圍擴及市中心及近郊地區，以及城市內漫畫或漫畫家相關博物館、書店/漫畫店、節慶（Fête de la BD）等等，都成為觀光客參觀的旅遊目的地，塑造出當地特有的漫畫觀光。 本研究旨在探悉三個層面：首先，檢視布魯塞爾以漫畫作為代表性與主軸，都市計畫與創意城市之能動力及組織文化，城市中公私部門關係結構及社會網絡的成形。其次，漫畫相關地點建構為觀光景點及被凝視的對象，並連結共構出以漫畫為主題之城市漫畫觀光。最終，牆面藝術特質的漫畫牆，表彰城市之社會及文化空間意涵，在所屬的空間中，轉化並生產為另類的展覽型態，再造特殊的城市體驗。 本研究以漫畫牆面繪製為主軸，輔以博物館等相關漫畫觀光元素與創意實踐，以文獻分析法、田野觀察法及深度訪談法作為研究方法，分析各官方網站、各個形式導覽中介、筆者田野筆記、觀光局漫畫觀光行銷負責人訪談資料等等，探究布魯塞爾城市中，漫畫觀光與景點建構之創意實踐。Comic or la bande dessinée has high prestige in Belgium. Comic is regarded as the ninth art. Its capital city, Brussels, promotes itself as “the Capital City of Comic Strip”. Furthermore, the city has established over sixty comic walls in the city center and suburban area. There are comic or comic artist-related museums, comic book store, comic festival, etc. All of them has become the tourist destination and constructing the comic tourism in Brussels. This research aims to investigate the following aspects. First, Brussels applies comic as the representative and main character as motivation and organizational culture of the city plan and creative city and forms the relationship of public and private sector and the social network. Second, the comic-related sites are constructed as tourist sites and objects of being gazed. They connect together and integrate into the city’s comic tourism. Finally, the comic art wall which represent the city’s social and cultural space meaning have transformed and produced an alternative exhibition form and reproduced a unique city experience. The research main objects are comic walls and other comic-related sites and creative practices as secondary. Utilizing documentary analysis, field observation, and in-depths interview as research method and analyzing different official websites, tourist guides, field observation notes, interviews of person in charge of Visit Brussels’ comic promotion, etc., in order to examine the creative practices of comic tourism and sites in Brussels.