下背肌疲勞對籃球跳投表現與著地負荷之影響
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2014
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Abstract
籃球選手在比賽中常執行大量跳躍動作，造成下肢承受大量負荷而有受傷風險。而核心肌群具有對軀幹平衡的控制力，能在跳躍時維持身體完成動作技能，並控制身體穩定落地，以降低下肢在落地時的不穩定負荷。目的：下背肌群疲勞對下蹲跳躍與兩步跳投的跳躍表現與著地負荷的影響。方法：健康的大專一般男子組選手12名，年齡22.83歲，身高177.96cm，體重74.48kg。使用三維動作分析系統、測力板與表面肌電系統收集資料。比較受試者進行下蹲跳和兩步跳投時下背肌群與下肢肌群活動的關連性。收集前測資料包括命中率、矢狀面運動學參數、下肢動力學參數、肌電圖資料等後，再介入下背肌群訓練約5分鐘，並立即收取後測，比較下背肌群疲勞前後之影響。統計使用成對樣本t檢定，顯著水準定為α=.05。結果：下背肌群疲勞後，投籃命中率由72.5%下降到59.2%，膝關節下蹲角度減少使質心最低位置提高。下蹲跳落地時股二頭肌活化下降，兩步跳投落地時墊步腳負荷比例增加4.6%。結論：下背肌疲勞後，選手投籃命中率下降；著地時的型態改變，造成墊步腳負荷加大，且股二頭肌活化程度下降。選手可以加強核心肌群的能力，以增加運動表現的穩定及降低傷害發生的風險。
Basketball players often have a large number of jumping skills in competition. It may load the huge body weight on the joint of lower extremity, and increase the risk of lower extremity injury. The stronger core muscle can improve the balance for people to do the jump and also reduce the instability during landing. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of low back muscle fatigue on countermovement jump (CMJ), basketball jump shoot (JS), and landing. Methods: Twelve healthy male basketball players (Age, 23.83±2.66 years; height 177.96±5.07 cm; and weight 74.48±6.76 kg) in collegiate division II were included. 3D motion analysis system, force plates and surface EMG were used to collect kinematics, kinetics, and muscles activation data. Participants were asked to do the low back muscle training until muscle fatigue for intervention. To evaluate the effect of the muscle fatigue, the participants were asked to perform CMJ and JS before and after the intervention. The field goal percentage (FG%), kinematic data in the sagittal plane, lower extremity kinetic data, and muscles activation data were calculated as outcomes. The paired t-test was used to test the difference of the outcomes before and after intervention. The significant level was set α=.05 Results: The FG% decreased with low back muscle fatigued (72.5% to 59.2%, p< 0.05). The knee joint flexed less and height of COM increased. The activation of biceps femoris decreased during CMJ landing. The loading on jump stop foot increased (38.7% to 48.3%, p < 0.05) during JS landing. Conclusion: After low back muscle fatigued, the FG% was decreased. Due to the change of loading type, the loading on jump stop foot was increased and the activation of biceps femoris was decreased. Players could improve their core muscle function in order to improve the sport performance and decrease the risk of lower limbs injury.
Basketball players often have a large number of jumping skills in competition. It may load the huge body weight on the joint of lower extremity, and increase the risk of lower extremity injury. The stronger core muscle can improve the balance for people to do the jump and also reduce the instability during landing. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of low back muscle fatigue on countermovement jump (CMJ), basketball jump shoot (JS), and landing. Methods: Twelve healthy male basketball players (Age, 23.83±2.66 years; height 177.96±5.07 cm; and weight 74.48±6.76 kg) in collegiate division II were included. 3D motion analysis system, force plates and surface EMG were used to collect kinematics, kinetics, and muscles activation data. Participants were asked to do the low back muscle training until muscle fatigue for intervention. To evaluate the effect of the muscle fatigue, the participants were asked to perform CMJ and JS before and after the intervention. The field goal percentage (FG%), kinematic data in the sagittal plane, lower extremity kinetic data, and muscles activation data were calculated as outcomes. The paired t-test was used to test the difference of the outcomes before and after intervention. The significant level was set α=.05 Results: The FG% decreased with low back muscle fatigued (72.5% to 59.2%, p< 0.05). The knee joint flexed less and height of COM increased. The activation of biceps femoris decreased during CMJ landing. The loading on jump stop foot increased (38.7% to 48.3%, p < 0.05) during JS landing. Conclusion: After low back muscle fatigued, the FG% was decreased. Due to the change of loading type, the loading on jump stop foot was increased and the activation of biceps femoris was decreased. Players could improve their core muscle function in order to improve the sport performance and decrease the risk of lower limbs injury.
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核心肌群, 關節力矩, 肌電圖, 羅馬椅, core muscles, joint moment, electromyography, roman chair