華語YouTube議題型影片說服行為語用分析與教學應用

Abstract

議題與日常生活息息相關，在這個網路為主流、人人都可以是自媒體的社會中，人們經常自發性地發起議題討論，讓議題討論變得十分熱絡（李宜玲，2020；陳韋博，2018）。教育領域學者意識到其重要性，積極提倡將議題討論融入課堂中（Cates, 2022；Hanvey, 1975；Merryfield, 1994；Tye& Kniep, 1991）。然而華語領域學者卻指出，學習者語言程度上的不足是議題學習過程中最大的阻礙（陳毅，2018；黃子純，2019）。因此，為了協助華語學習者提升處理真實議題語篇的能力，本文蒐集YouTube中環境、社會和性別三類獨白式議題型影片，共60部影片，從宏觀的互動式後設論述使用分布，到微觀的常用互動式後設論述標記詞，以說服語用的角度探查不同類型議題語篇中互動式後設論述標記的使用異同。 研究結果顯示，不論議題類型，發話者最重視的皆為與接收對象的參與互動；語篇呈現的說服強度而言，環境議題最為強勢，接著為社會議題，最後則是性別議題；建構環境議題時，發話者經常使用集合指稱代詞，如「我們」創造雙方親密感和間接呼籲；建構社會議題和性別議題時，發話者常使用「你」和「大家」建構議題相關的假設情境，提高接收者的議題涉入程度；也經常使用「我」分享經驗和發起互動，突顯發話者議題涉入程度的同時也貼近接收者展現親和力，提高論述被接受的可能性。 綜上所述，本文從說服語用的角度帶領學習者認識華語議題語篇的語用特性，亦提供實際的語言框架和教學應用，有助於華語學習者未來自由地篩選、掌握第一手資訊，進而使用目標語達成更多的交流可能。Issues are intimately associated with daily life. In this Internet-based society of easily generated self-media, people frequently initiate discussions on various issues (Lee, 2020; Chen,2018). Consequently, researchers in the educational field have recognized the importance of “issues” and have actively advocated to include issues in the classroom (Cates, 2022; Hanvey, 1975; Merryfield, 1994; Tye& Kniep, 1991). However, scholars in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language have indicated that poor language proficiency is the greatest stumbling block in issue learning (Chen, 2018; Huang, 2019). To assist Chinese L2 learners in improving their ability to process authentic issue discourses, this study collected 60 Chinese YouTube issue-oriented monologue videos from three categories (environment, society, and gender). This corpus was analyzed from the macro aspect and considered the interactional metadiscourse distribution, and from the micro aspect, the usage of interactional metadiscourse markers. This study further explores the similarities and differences in the use of interactional metadiscourse markers in discourse on different issue types.Th results reveal that regardless of the issue type, speakers prioritize participation and interaction with recipients. Regarding persuasive speech styles, environmental issues were found to utilize the most powerful speech style, followed by social issues, and then gender issues. Speakers use collective pronouns when initiating environmental issue discourses, such as using “us” to create intimacy between interlocutors or to indirectly convey an appeal. When establishing social and gender issue discourses, speakers use “you” and “everyone” to create issue-related hypothetical scenarios to increase the recipients’ involvement in the issues. Speakers also use “I” to share experiences and initiate interactions. This not only demonstrates affinity toward the recipient but also highlights the speaker’s involvement in the issue and raises the possibility of the discourse being accepted.This study guides students’ understanding of the pragmatic characteristics of Chinese issue-oriented discourses from a persuasive perspective. It also provides actual language frameworks and teaching applications. These can help students freely choose and better understand first-hand information in the future, thereby enabling students to engage in more communication using the target language.