柳琴的歷史沿革與入傳台灣的研究

Abstract

摘要 本論文以「柳琴的歷史沿革與入傳台灣的研究」為題，共分五章。目的在探討柳琴的源起以及它在戲曲上的關係，此項樂器如何改革並受文化藝術的影響，同時對柳琴在台灣的教育以及教育訓練、考試的制度上是如何實施。柳琴自一九五八年被開發改革以來，從戲曲伴奏樂器，一躍為獨奏樂器，現在柳琴已是國樂團不可缺乏之彈撥樂器，筆者因喜愛柳琴這個樂器及身為柳琴專業的演奏家有二十餘載，故將此經驗及重要演出曲目作一深入研究，期望這本論文能為本國國樂界盡一己棉薄之力。柳琴入傳台灣以後，與在大陸的發展是否有異同，這是值得進一步探討的。在研究方法上採用歷史文獻為經，另以訪談及田野調查為緯，並兼顧柳琴在台灣與大陸兩地的源起及概況，作深入資料收集與整理。 第一章為「緒論」，乃說明柳琴這一樂器，藉由柳琴的歷史沿革來呈現此一傳統樂器的面貌。在研究範圍上採大陸與台灣同步閱讀及訪談的方式。其中，有關大陸傳統音樂的文獻資料，大多已經過專家學者的蒐集整理；但在台灣歷史沿革的部分，尚未有前人整理，因此筆者將就台灣部份特別獨立出來做探討及分析。 第二章研究「柳琴的源流與發展」，關於柳琴的源起及起源，並無確切文字記載可考查，根據期刊《江蘇戲志》及民間藝人口傳記載，筆者歸納幾種說法，並可知柳琴形制與琵琶有密切的關聯，在大陸柳琴樂器改革方面，分一、民間自發性的改革。二、官方制是會議改革。三、重要柳琴樂器的改革人物等三部份來論述。 第三章研究「柳琴入傳台灣的發展」，以台灣為主軸，將柳琴藝術的現狀、在國樂團的發展、學校教育中的發展概況以及重要比賽的情形作一論述。 第四章研究「柳琴經典曲目分析與探討」，筆者將海峽兩岸各以三首經典曲目作一分析。在大陸以王惠然創作的《春到沂河》、《塔吉克舞曲》，徐昌俊創作的《劍器》作一探討研究。在台灣的柳琴作品創作，大約可追溯自一九八○左右，筆者以創作年代先後，選取三首作為分析探討之曲目，這三首分別為王正平的《塞北雁》、陳中申的《車鼓姑娘》、蘇文慶及鄭翠蘋的《雨後庭院》。 第五章為「結論」，由柳琴與國樂團的發展具有密切之關係，並呈現相互倚存之關連、在樂曲的詮釋與技巧的表達、在教育上有何特點等諸多方面，綜合說明柳琴的特質與總體評價。 最後，本論文的研究價值在於：開啟柳琴研究的歷史價值；運用科學的、嚴謹的方法，對柳琴進行深入整體的研究，為柳琴在台灣本土的發展提供一條值得嘗試的研究新途徑，而這，也正是本論文研究的精神。 Abstract The topic of these is A Study of the History of Liuqin and the Transmission to Taiwan, including five chapters. The aim of the study is to explore the origin of Liuqin and the relationship with Liuqin Opera, how it was innovated and influenced by the culture as well as arts. Meanwhile, the study focuses on the education, the training of Liuqin and its evaluation system. Liuqin has turned to an solo instrument from an accompaniment of Sizhou Opera since it was innovated in 1958, and it has become indispensable to the stringed instruments in the Chinese musical groups. With being the lover and the performer of Luiqin for over 20 years, the author would like to do the research about the important repertoire and make people learn more about the instrument. Moreover, the author want to make a further study for the development of Luiqin comparing Mainland China with Taiwan. The methodology is based on the literature review and taken the ways of interview as well as field investigations to collect the relevant materials about the origin and the development of Luiqin in Taiwan and Mainland China. Chapter One is introduction, including the history and the quality of Luiqin. With studying the literature and interviewing in Taiwan and Mainland China, the author especially focus on the development of Luiqin in Taiwan instead of Mainland China, where has had systematic researches. Chapter Two is about the origin and the development of Luiqin. There aren’t any literal records about the origin. According to the journal, Jiangsu Xizhi and the buskers’ oral transmission, we could find that the form and the features of Luiqin are related to Pipa. As to the innovation of Luiqin in Mainland China, there are three parts of the spontaneous innovation divided, one is from ordinary people, another is set by the official conferences, and the other is about the important reformers. Chapter Three is about the transmission and the development of Luiqin in Taiwan, including the present conditions in professional musical groups, school education, and important contests. Chapter Four is about the analysis and comparison of the classical repertoire. the author selected separately three pieces of the classical repertoire from the two sides of the straits. In Mainland China, I chose Chundaoyihe (spring coming to the river yi), Tajike wuqu ( Tajike dance music), composed by Wang huiran, and Jianqi (the sword), composed by Xu changjun. The compositional music of Luiqin in Taiwan can be traced back to 1980s, including Saibeiyan ( the wild geese from the north) by Wang zhengping, Chegu guniang (lady chegu) by Chen zhongshen, and Yuhou tingyuan (the courtyard after raining) by Su wenqing and zheng cuipin. Chapter Five is conclusion. Due to the close interrelations between the musical groups and Luiqin, the author generalize and appraise the characteristics of Luiqin through the interpretation of music, the expression of techniques, and the features of education. In the end, the value of the research is expected to inspire the history and macrocosm research of Luiqin in more scientific and strict ways so that it can offer a new developing way of Luiqin in Taiwan.