桃園北管鈞天社研究

Abstract

在台灣早期，由民間自組的業餘北管子弟社團普遍存在，幾乎每個開發較早的區域，都曾出現此類的戲曲團體。桃園縣之北管社團活動旺盛，曾經先後存在大約有五、六十個班社，許多社團至今仍有固定的會館及祭祀活動，其中桃園市鈞天社是有百年以上歷史的老社團。北管社團走過時代的起落，於各時期均有其適應與生存的方式。研究者以觀察、訪談方式，進入研究領域。由鈞天社資深藝員口述，分析組織之人員結構、技藝的傳承、與地方廟宇間的信仰關係。透過現任部長的出陣記錄，瞭解目前北管社團的現實處境，進而探討政府文化政策。本研究主要分成四部份，首先藉由北管的歷史，探討桃園市北管社團的發展過程。第二部份探討鈞天社歷史與組織沿革。第三部份探討鈞天社技藝傳承，第四部份探討現代社會中的北管班社。 研究結果發現，現代社會娛樂多元，使得北管演出機會遭受衝擊，現今社團營運僅北管吹陣在廟會慶典與喪事活動中表演。根據研究結果，研究者提出三點建議：（一）公部門建立管理與扶植政策（二）曲目研究與推廣（三）營運理念的轉換：由政府、民間單位與北管樂班三方面著手，改善藝術環境，以利桃園市北管樂班的永續發展。In the early Taiwan, the Beiguan clubs were instituted by the amateurs in any early developed area. In Taoyuan County, Beiguan Ensembles are very popular and founded about fifty or sixty ones sequentially. Many of the Beiguan Ensembles have their steady meeting places and stable activities, and the Jyun-Tian Club is one of the old club has a hundred years development. Every Beiguan Ensemble passes through the times with the rise and fall, and has its way to adapt and exist in every period. Researcher uses the observations and the senior member of the Jyun-Tian Club interviews to analysis the member organization, the inheritance of the artistry, and the relation of belief between local temples. Through the record of the chu-jhen from the incumbent minister, we can realize the real condition of the Beiguan Ensemble, and further explore the culture policies of government. Beginning with an exploration of the development process of the Beiguan Ensemble in Taoyuan City through the Beiguan history, and continuing with the history of Jyun-Tian Club and its organization. Then exploring the inheritance of the artistry of the Jyun-Tian Club and finally to study the Beiguan Club in modern society. The study showed that the performance opportunities of Beiguan are attacked by the multi-entertainment in modern society. Therefore, the Beiguan Arrays are only showed in the temple fairs and the funerals. The findings provided three suggestions. First, set up the policies of management and cultivating in the government department. Second, study and popularize the Beiguan repertoire. Finally, transform the management concepts. It means that starting with the government department, the private sector, and the Beiguan to improve arts environment for the sustainable development of the Beiguan band in Taoyuan City.