品味策略結合森林療癒方案對於女性長者主觀幸福感之影響

Abstract

本研究目的在探討社區女性長者參與品味策略結合森林療癒方案之方案實踐歷程、品味經驗及參與方案對其主觀幸福感之影響。研究參與者為8位女性長者，平均年齡為76.4歲。品味策略結合森林療癒方案共七單元，含四單元實體課程及三單元自行體驗活動，實體課程部分共持續四週，每週一次，每次120分鐘，並在方案結束後針對研究參與者進行焦點團體訪談，研究方法採詮釋現象學。研究結果有：品味人森方案實踐歷程方面，前期的起始狀態為「信任的根與芽，於熟悉的土地上恣意生長」，因研究參與者事前彼此認識、對自然體驗原本即存在偏好，而跳過前期的試探與觀望直接進入工作階段。「凝滯到流動：五感激活的團體動力」單向聽講課程整體動力偏向凝滯沉悶，帶入五感體驗活動能迅速喚起參與者的注意力與活化感官。中後期「穿越紛擾，回歸當下：正念靜心到啟動五感」參與者於正念練習下開啟五感，透過課程及返家自行體驗活動提升親近自然的動機，練習品味自然、進而品味人生。後期則充滿感恩、互助、合作的氛圍，在充滿故事的里上花園綠地共創美好回憶。品味經驗部分，來自森林的氣味因子引發長者自傳式記憶的提取，亦即引發對於往昔生活經驗的品味，視覺則可使抽象感覺具象化，並有助於品味記憶的建構，聽覺自然音樂藝術創作則使長者激盪想像力，並透過合奏的過程找回童心，亦透過生命故事的分享及聆聽促進關係的建構。而針對方案對於女性長者主觀幸福感之影響有四，分別為「懷舊情感的漣漪：生命經驗統整與理想生活反思」、「有別於家人的幸福：增進鄰里連結，關係更親密」、「理想生活的實現：將心中所想轉化為實際行動」，以及「互助利他與感恩的幸福圖景」，由上述四項機制增進參與者的主觀幸福。最後，基於研究結果對未來實務現場及研究方向提出討論及建議。This study explored the process of female elders participating in a savoring strategies combined with a forest therapy program, the savoring experience, and its impact on their subjective well-being. Eight female elders, with an average age of 76.4 years, participated. The program included seven units: four in-person classes and three assignments. Classes lasted 120 minutes, once a week for four weeks, followed by focus group interviews. The research method was interpretive phenomenology. Findings:"From Stagnation to Flow: Group Dynamics Activated by the Five Senses" The overall energy of the lecture-based course leaned towards stagnation and dullness, but incorporating sensory activities quickly captured participants' attention and activated their senses. In the later stages, mindfulness exercises helped participants activate their senses, increased their connection to nature, and enhanced their ability to savor life. The group atmosphere then became one of gratitude, mutual support, andcooperation, creating shared memories in the story-filled garden. The savoring experiences, like the smell of the forest, triggered autobiographical memories, while vision transformed abstract feelings into concrete forms and helped construct memories through sensory appreciation. Auditory natural music creation stimulated the imagination of the elderly, and through the process of ensemble playing, helped them reconnect with their childlike spirit. The program also positively impacted the subjective well-being of female elders, enhancing nostalgia, neighborhood connections, life reflection, and altruistic happiness. Based on these findings, suggestions for future practice and research were discussed.