以漢越詞為核心針對越南華語初學者的漢字教學研究

Abstract

越南的華語教育近年來迅速發展，漢字教學是其中關鍵的一環。然而，越南語和漢語在語言結構和文字方面存在很大的差異，這給越南華語初學者的漢字學習帶來了很大的挑戰。漢越詞是越南與中國在長久以來的歷史上產生的文化產物。經過長時間的變化、更新，最終融入到越南的語言系統中，成為越南人民無論是溝通方面還是文學方面不可缺少的存在。漢越詞在越南語言系統中占很大部分，是非常重要的一類借詞。由於漢越詞與漢字之間的連結，越南學生在學習華語的過程中經常利用漢越詞來掌握和理解漢字。正因為如此，本研究以「漢越詞」與「漢越音」作為核心概念，以越南華語初學者為例進行了探討。透過研究者設計的初級華語課程，用學生的真實學習體驗和感受，最後透過問卷調查來探討漢越詞在一個華語初級課程中的作用，漢越詞對學生在學習漢字有何幫助以及有何影響。 研究結果表示，由於母語的正遷移，越南學習者學習漢字的過程中，「漢越詞」成為越南語與華語的一個重要的連結，主要的輔助在於「字音」與「字義」方面。在「字形」方面，「漢越詞」主要的影響在於「漢字部件方面，也減少了越南學習者在面對漢字時的困難。

In recent years, the Chinese education system in Vietnam has undergone rapid development, with significant emphasis placed on teaching Chinese characters. However, given the substantial differences between the Vietnamese and Chinese languages in terms of structure and characters, Vietnamese beginners face considerable challenges when learning Chinese characters. Sino-Vietnamese words, which are cultural products resulting from the long history of Vietnam and China, have undergone numerous changes and updates before ultimately integrating into Vietnamese society, becoming indispensable for communication and literature. Sino-Vietnamese words comprise a significant proportion of the Vietnamese system and are essential loan words. Due to the association between Sino-Vietnamese words and Chinese characters, Vietnamese students frequently use Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary to comprehend and master Chinese characters during the learning process.Consequently, this study focuses on the core concepts of"Sino-Vietnamese Vocabulary" and "Sino-Vietnamese Pronunciation," and uses beginner Sino-Vietnamese learners as an example. The researcher designs an elementary Chinese course, utilizing the students' actual learning and emotional experiences, and ultimately evaluates the role of Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in the elementary Chinese curriculum. The study examines how useful Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary is in assisting students to learn Chinese characters and its impact. Can Vietnamese learners overcome the challenges of learning Chinese by leveraging Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary.The study's results indicate that "Sino-Vietnamese words" play a critical role in connecting Vietnamese and Chinese, particularly in the acquisition of Chinese characters by Vietnamese learners. The mother tongue transfer actively facilitates this process, with "letter pronunciation" and "character meaning" serving as the two main supporting factors. Regarding the "shape" of Chinese characters, Sino-Vietnamese words are instrumental in identifying and memorizing "radicals", thereby simplifyingthe learning process and reducing the difficulties Vietnamese learners face when studying Chinese characters.