晚清杭州府教育發展與變革研究

Abstract

晚清時期，隨著西方勢力的入侵，中國的教育也逐步開始西化。在這個過程内，中國的傳統教育與科舉，遇到西方傳教士引入西學後的挑戰與變化，以及在中國的有識之士接觸後形成了什麽樣型態，一直受到學者關注。前人的研究中已從區域教育史角度，探討晚清某省或某區域的教育近代化，但較少針對單一發達的府級地區，研究當時新舊教育的變遷狀況。本研究運用史學方法，以地方志、朝廷頒布的章程法規、族譜、時人文集、日記以及史料彙編爲主，先考察杭州府傳統教育與科舉的狀況，與晚清（1840—1911）西學引入後的影響及新政時期（1901—1911）教育的西化。研究主要發現有三：一、杭州府傳統與西式教育事業的興盛，仰賴當地官紳的支持，二、杭州府教育的發展與變革，奠基於原有的文教發展，三、晚清杭州府的教育變革處於新舊制度交替，兼具傳統特徵與努力西化的傾向。During the late Qing China, with the invasion of western forces, the modernization of its education gradually unfolded. In this process, the traditional education Ch’ing China was challenged when encountering the Western learning introduced by Western priests. How Chinese intellects responded to this change was always inquired. In previous studies, some studies on the modernization of education in a certain province or a certain area adopted a perspective of local education history. However, few of them studied the change of education in a specific prefecture.Primary sources such as local chronicles, government regulations, genealogies and literati works and diaries were used. Using historical method, it explored the traditional education and its change and development after the introduction of Western learning at the Hangzhou prefecture in late Qing China （1840-1911）. The main findings of this study are as follows: i. The well development of tradition and western education at the Hangzhou prefecture relied on the active support of local officials and gentry; ii. The development and reform of at the Hangzhou prefecture based on its old cultural and educational foundation; iii. The educational reform at the Hangzhou prefecture was at the transition between the old and new institutions, which had many traditional characteristics and the tendency to strive for westernization.