八卦山風景區居民生態旅遊認知與發展生態旅遊態度之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解八卦山風景區居民對於生態旅遊認知與發展生態旅遊態度之間的關係，並分析不同屬性的居民在生態旅遊認知與發展態度上的差異。 本研究所採用的研究工具—「八卦山風景區居民生態旅遊認知與發展生態旅遊態度研究之調查問卷」是根據洪常明(2004)所編「澎湖地區居民生態旅遊認知與發展生態旅遊態度研究之調查問卷」，經由文獻蒐集與分析並針對本研究區特性加以修改彙編而成。其問卷方式採分層抽樣法進行調查，共獲有效樣本426份，經因素分析後得到「生態保育與環境體驗」、「推動組織與規劃執行」、「居民參與與經濟回饋」以及「環境負荷與限制使用」等四個生態旅遊認知構面，以及「善用資源與促進發展」、「積極參與與提升潛力」及「強化管理與創造機會」等三個發展生態旅遊態度構面。相關統計分析後，本研究主要發現與結論如下： 1、 居民的屬性不同會造成其生態旅遊認知和發展生態旅遊態度上的差異。 2、 經由相關分析檢定後發現，八卦山國家風景區的居民生態旅遊的四個認知因素構面與發展生態旅遊的三個態度構面間有顯著差異，均具有正相關，代表居民的生態旅遊認知程度愈高，則其對於發展生態旅遊的態度就愈積極。 3、 經由多元迴歸分析檢定後發現，在所有認知構面上「推動組織與規劃執行」部份對發展生態旅遊的各態度是最具影響力。

為促使八卦山風景區生態旅遊發展，達到未來永續的發展，相關政府觀光主管單位在推展生態旅遊活動的過程中，應更注重居民的意願與感受，因當地居民的認知與態度乃是影響觀光發展政策與計畫執行是否成功、生態環境能否永續發展的主因之一。故在任何開發與決策時，都應考慮到當地居民的需求及其所帶來的影響，也必須適時教育並加強認知，如此生態旅遊的精神才能更加落實，才能真正有助於八卦山風景區的地方觀光發展。This study is to explore the relation between the residents’ perceptions of ecotourism and development attitudes toward ecotourism in Mt. Bagua Scenic Area and analyzing different residents’ backgrounds with different perceptions of ecotourism and attitudes toward development of ecotourism. The questionnaire applied in this study was modified from collected data and the questionnaire constructed by Hong chang-ming in 2004. We adopted Ratio sampling to survey the population and obtained 426 validsamples. According to the factor analysis, there are four aspects of ecotourism perceptions, including “Ecological conservation and Environmental Experiences”, “Organization for development and Execution of plans”, “Residents’ participation and Economic feedback”, and “Capacity of environment and Restrictions on using”. Besides, we also get three aspects of development attitudes, which are “Exploit nature resources and Advance in development”, “Participate actively and Enhance potentialities”, and “Consolidate management and Create opportunities”. After analyzing the data, we make some conclusions:

1、 Residents of different attributes have significant differences between the perceptions of ecotourism and attitudes toward development of ecotourism. 2、 By using Pearson’s correlation analysis, we find positive correlations between four aspects of residents’ ecotourism perceptions and three aspects of development attitudes toward ecotourism in Mt. Bagua Scenic Area. It means that the higher degree of ecotourism perceptions residents have, the more active their attitudes toward development of ecotourism will be. 3、 By using Multiple Regression analysis, we also find one aspect of ecotourism perceptions --“Organization for development and Execution of plans” is the strongest influence on all attitudes toward development of ecotourism.

In conclusion, in order to promote the development of ecotourism and achieve the aim of a sustainable development in the future in Mt. Bagua Scenic Area, the executive authorities need to keep a constant communication with the residents. It is because that the residents’ perceptions and attitudes are a great factor of the success in developing tourism and sustainability. Therefore, education to the residents can make a significant contribution to promoting the ecotourism in the area.