休閒溯溪指導員專業能力指標之建構

Abstract

本研究旨在建構休閒溯溪指導員專業能力之指標，並分析各指標之權重結 果。本研究以十位溯溪產業和院校學者等相關領域專家，進行兩回合「德懷術」與「層級分析法」，並操作「SPSS 22.0 統計軟體」與「Expert Choice 11.5 專家 決策分析軟體」進行分析。其研究結果得出「休閒溯溪指導員專業能力指標」，分為五大層面:「溯溪環境風險與應變」、「溯溪能力」、「繩索與確保系統」、「山域基礎技能」、「技能裝備知識」，共有 30 項指標。本研究分析結果顯示，休閒溯溪指導員專業能力在「五大層面」中，依重要性排序為:溯溪環境風險與應變(44%)、溯溪能力(20%)、繩索與確保系統(18%)、山域基礎技能(12%)、技能裝備知識(6%)。

一、「溯溪環境風險與應變」各指標依重要性排序為: 風險管理(40%)、溯溪活動安全教育(26%)、BLS 基本救命術課程(野外急救與傷患後送、傷患背負)(10%)、溪谷事件處置(9%)、緊急撤退及緊急露宿(7%)、山岳氣候(5%)、溪谷訊息通報(3%)。

二、「溯溪能力」各指標依重要性排序為: 溪谷協力救生(30%)、激流渡溪方法與技巧(30%)、溯溪技能實務操作(20%)、帶隊注意事項與規範(12%)、深潭先鋒架繩(5%)、溯溪手語(3%)。

三、「繩索與確保系統」各指標依重要性排序為: 溯溪確保系統操作(41%)、確保訓練(31%)、溯溪基礎繩結與應用(9%)、山野簡易確保方式(9%)、繩索特性與使用(6%)、理繩收繩(4%)。

四、「山域基礎技能」各指標依重要性排序為: 溪谷雨量監控與應變(39%)、溯溪之計畫/行政/隊伍管理(27%)、地圖判讀(水流及環境判斷)與 GPS 座標定位(13%)、山野環境保護(11%)、登山體能訓練(6%)、溯溪概論(基礎知識)(4%)。五、「技能裝備知識」各指標依重要性排序為: 溯溪與水域裝備(50%)、個人技術裝備使用與管理(16%)、團體技術裝備使用與管理(13%)、裝備保養與維修(13%)、裝備使用與背包防水裝填(6 %)。

最後，根據本研究所分析之結果，提出對休閒溯溪指導員專業能力之未來 應用建議及後續研究方向。This research aimed to construct indicators for the professional competency indicators for recreational river-tracing instructors and analyze the weighting results of each indicator. In this study, ten experts in related fields such as tracing industry and academic scholars performed two rounds of “Delphi technique” and one round of “Analytic Hierarchy Process”, and operated “SPSS 22.0 statistical software” and “Expert Choice 11.5 expert decision analysis Software” for analysis. The results of his research have drawn the “professional competency indicators for recreational river-tracing instructors”, which can be divided into five levels: “River Tracing Environmental Risks and Responses”, “Stream Tracing Skills”, “Rope and Ensuring System”, and “Basic Skills of River Tracing Mountain Area”, “Skills and equipment knowledge”, a total of 30 indicators.The analysis results of this research shows that the professional abilities of recreational river-tracing instructors ranked according to importance: Environmental risks and contingency of river tracing (44%), River tracing skills (20%), Rope apply and ensure system (18 %), Basic skills in the upstream mountain (12%), Knowledge of skills and equipment (6%).

First, the indicators of “River Tracing Environmental Risks and Responses” ranked as follows according to their importance: Risk management (40%), Safety education for river tracing activities (26%), BLS basic life-saving courses (field first aid and evacuation, burden of the injured) (10%), Valley incident handling (9%), Emergency retreat and emergency (7%), Mountain climate (5%), Valley information notification (3%).Second, the indicators of “Stream Tracing Skills” ranked in order of importance: Valley cooperative lifesaving (30%), Rapid river crossing methods and techniques (30%), River tracing skills practical operation (20%), Precautions and specifications for team leading (12%), Deep pool pioneer rope setting (5%), River tracing Sign Language (3%).

Third, the indexes of “Rope and Ensuring System” ranked in order of importance: Stream tracing ensuring system operation (41%), Training ensure (31%), Basic rope knots and applications for tracing (9%), Basic self-protection in wilds (9%), Rope characteristics and apply (6%), Rope management (4%).Fourth, The indicators of the “Basic Skills in the Upstream Mountains” ranked in order of importance: Rainfall monitoring and response (39%), River tracing plan/Administration/Team management (27%), Map interpretation (water flow and environmental judgment) and GPS coordinate positioning (13%),Mountain environment protection (11%) , Climbing physical training (6%), Introduction to River Tracing (basic knowledge) (4%).

Fifth, the indexes of “skills and equipment knowledge” ranked as followsaccording to their importance:Stream and water equipment (50%), Personal technical equipment apply and management (16%), Group technical equipment apply and management (13%), Equipment maintenance and repair (13%), The equipment apply and Waterproof backpack apply (6%). Finally, based on the analysis results of this research, the future application suggestions and follow-up research directions for the professional ability of recreational river-tracing instructors the aim of the contruct indicators.