國中生的科技素養測驗發展及其表現之研究

Abstract

本研究目的主要在發展一份「國中生科技素養測驗」，據此分析國中生的科技素養表現情形及其差異，並建構科技態度與科技知能（知識、技能及能力）之間的關聯模式。在「國中生科技素養測驗」的發展過程中，本研究參考科技領域之十二年國民基本教育之國中階段生活科技的學習表現來編製素養測驗。為達研究目的，本研究採用問卷調查法，以臺灣地區公立國民中學九年級學生為主要研究對象，採用分層隨機叢集取樣，總計回收有效問卷2192份，有效回收率為98.16%。透過因素分析、無母數統計分析、斯皮爾曼等級相關、結構方程模式等統計分析方法。歸納出以下結論：（1）本研究所發展的國中生科技素養測驗，具有良好信、效度且值得推廣與應用；（2）國中生的科技素養表現不盡理想，宜定期追蹤學生科技素養表現；（3）國中生對科技的態度尚屬樂觀，但在科技的興趣方面有待提升，尤其未來想從事科技領域工作的意願偏低；（4）國中男生在科技態度表現優於國中女生，但在科技知能方面上並無差異；（5）透過非正式課程可有助於培養學生對科技的態度，但仍須透過正式課程以培養學生的科技知能；（6）科技態度對科技知能僅有偏低的正向影響。The purposes of this research were to develop a technological literacy test for junior high students, and further to analyze students’ performances and differences. This study also constructed a model of students’ attitudes toward technology and technology learning outcomes (knowledge, skills, competencies). The technological literacy test was developed according to the technology curriculum of 12-year compulsory education. A questionnaire survey was conducted and sent to the ninth grade students of public junior high schools in Taiwan, receiving 2192 valid questionnaires with a return rate of 98.16%. Factor analysis, spearman correlation coefficient, and structural equation modeling were utilized, and the following conclusions are made: (1) The technological literacy test developed in this research had excellent reliability and validity. (2) The technological literacy performance of junior high students is not in an accepted situation, we need to enhance students’ technological literacy. (3) The attitudes toward technology of junior high students is optimistic. However, students’ interest of technology should be raised, especially the willness of working in the technology fields. (4) Male students have better attitudes toward technology than female students, but no difference in the performance of technology learning outcomes. (5) Informaleducation needs to be used to help students improve the attitudes toward technology, and to improve students’ technology learning outcomes through formal education. (6) The attitudes toward technology has slight effect on technology learning outcomes.