探討大學生五大人格特質與健康認知對健康行為的影響

Abstract

本研究目的是探討五大人格特質與健康認知對健康行為的影響。研究方法採用便利取樣，經由網路收發自評問卷，調查臺灣的大專院校學生，最後共得328有效問卷。研究結果顯示，大學生的人格特質與健康認知確實可以預測其健康行為。五種人格特質傾向的大學生，從事促進各種健康行為的頻率也不盡相同：一、外向性人格傾向者更常從事促進生理與心理層面的健康行為；二、和善性人格傾向者更常從事促進社會層面的健康行為；三、經驗開放性人格傾向者更常促進靈性層面的健康行為；四、神經質人格傾向者顯著地較少從事各層面的健康促進行為，尤其是促進生理與心理層面的健康行為；五、持安寧幸福感健康認知取向的大學生傾向於從事促進心理、社會與靈性層面的健康行為。研究結果驗證五大人格特質理論用於解釋健康行為的適切性。本研究結果除了可供學術參考，還可作為教育輔導單位推廣學生健康行為的依據，以降低學生危害健康的行為。

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of college students’personality and health concepts on their health behaviors. Self-report questionnaireswere used in this study. Purposive samplings were chosen to recruit respondents.The valid data for this study were provided by 328 (n = 328) college studentsincluding 159 males and 169 females from northern and eastern Taiwan. The resultsindicated that college students’ personality traits and health concepts were able topredict their health promoting behaviors. Students of five personality traits differedin frequency of engaging in four dimensions of health promoting behaviors.Comparing to other personality traits, students high in extraversion were more oftento promote their physical and mental health. Those high in agreeableness weremore often to promote their social health. Those high in openness to experiencewere more often to promote their spiritual health. Those high in neuroticism wereless often to engage in all dimensions of health promoting behaviors, especiallyphysical and mental health. Eudaimonistic health concepts were positivelyassociated with mental, social and spiritual health. In general, the results of thisstudy provided direct evidences to support the theory of Big Five personality traitsin the context of health promoting behaviors among college students. Finally, thetheoretical and practical implications of the findings were discussed.