國中學生的藝術家想像與教學上的啟示

Abstract

藝術家形象與概念隨著時代改變。教學過程中免不了關於藝術家故事與作品介紹。大眾透過媒體亦接觸各類關於藝術家的訊息。然而園中學生心中的藝術家形象為何？什麼樣的人可以被稱為藝術家？兒童可否被稱為藝術家？藝術家概念受那些因素影響？本研究分析中部地區某國中兩個班級六十位國二普通班學生的觀點。研究發現藝術家形象存在男性為主、有鬍子、帶帽子、手持調色盤與畫筆的刻板形象；學生印象深刻的藝術家以梵谷、畢卡索以及歐洲白人男性畫家為主。然而亦有22位(36. 7%) 學生抱持較開放性的觀點，認為人人皆可成為藝術家。八成五以上的學生認同兒童與未學過專業訓練者可以成為藝術家；並自述其藝術家概念受到教師、書籍與電視媒體的影響。依據研究發現，本文進而提出教學上的省思與建議。

The concept of an artist evolved through time and included multiple conflicting definitions. Teachers may introduce artists' stories in class, and general public may encounter information about artists through media. But how do junior high school students visualize and draw their concept of an artist? Who is an artist? Can children and people without educational training become artists? What factors influence the construction of students' ideas of an artist? This research study collected data from sixty 8th graders. Research data suggests that an artist is stereotypically generalized as a male painter, who has mustache and wears a hat. But there are also open-ended attitude held by 36.7% of the students believing that everyone can be an artist. More than 85% of the students believe that children and people without formal art educational training can become artists. Students reported that their concept of an artist is much influenced by their teacher, and information from the books and TV. The researcher thereby provided further reflection and suggestions on art teaching.