吸菸青少年戒菸行為階段之相關因素研究：以新竹市吸菸高中職學生為例

Abstract

目的：本研究主要是探討吸菸青少年之戒菸行為改變階段與其相關因素。研究樣本：選取新竹市十二所高中職學校，以學校提供之吸菸學生為研究對象，有效樣本為385人。研究工具：本研究以生活習慣調查問卷為主要的研究工具。問卷部份係依據研究目的、研究架構、國內外文獻並實際引用李景美「高中職學生吸菸與戒菸意見調查」問卷而成。結果：戒菸行為改變階段與背景因素及戒菸相關因素有顯著相關；研究對象如為男性、每日吸菸量1-10支、尼古丁依賴程度愈低，拒菸態度愈正向、吸菸危險知覺愈高，使用戒菸技巧數目愈多、戒菸自我效能較高、兄弟姐妹愈少吸菸、父母親愈不同意吸菸、朋友對吸菸愈不同意、公立高中學生及學校對禁菸態度較嚴格者，愈傾向考慮戒菸或已在戒菸。在戒菸行為改變階段方面，考慮戒菸者(沉思期與準備期)最多、其次為從未考慮戒菸(沉思前期)、已在戒菸的者最少(行動期及維持期)。建議：建議未來教育及衛生相關主管單位在規劃戒菸計畫或課程時，應著眼於拒菸態度、吸菸危險知覺、戒菸技巧及戒菸自我效能，建立輔導機制，以有效改變吸菸青少年之戒菸行為。The purpose of this study was to explore the stage of smoking cessation and related factors among senior high and vocational high students. The subjects were smoking students from twelve purposively selected schools in Hsinchu City. The total number of valid subjects was 385.the major research instrument was the structural questionnaire based on the research objects、references and incorporated with the questionnaire developed by the Lee Chin-Mea.The major findings were presented as follows: Regarding the stage of smoking cessation, 37.1% of the smoking students had never considered quitting smoking(precontemplation stage), 37,9% had considered quitting(contemplation and preparation stages), while 17.7% had quits(action and maintenance stages). The stage of smoking cessation among the students was significantly related to background factors and influential factors in smoking cessation.The smoking students who considered quitting smoking or had quitted were more likely to be male, daily smoking consuming 1-10 cigarettes, have low nicotine dependence, have positive anti-smokoing attitude, have perception of risk in smoking, using more cessation skills, have higher self-efficacy for quitting, have few smoking brothers and sisters, have parents and friends disagree with smoking, have public senior high school and schools with severe attitude in anti-smoking. Based on the research findings, it is suggested that the development of cessation teaching materials should focus on anti-smoking attitude, risk perception of smoking, smoking skills, and self-efficacy for quit. In addition, the guidance mechanism to assist adolescents to quit smoking should be well developed.