媒體中大眾科學素養問卷之研發與初探

Abstract

本研究試圖結合專家(中學課程)及大眾媒體觀點(科學新聞)，由一嶄新的面向去定義與評測大眾科學素養。根據九年一貫自然與生活科技教科書末索引的重要科學名詞，利用電腦自動搜尋與詞彙抽取技術，來比對新聞中出現頻率較高之科學詞彙，最後共篩選出95個科學主要詞彙及伴隨詞彙，輔以科學新聞所關注之內容研發量表50題試題，涵蓋含生物領域(45.26%，22題)、地球科學領域（37.9%，19題）、物理領域(11.58%，6題)、化學領域(5.26%，3題)。本研究共有來自國中、高中及大學計1034位學生參與。研究結果顯示：(1) 在台灣的媒體及教科書當中,生物相關的科學詞彙出現率最高,接著依序是地球科學、物理、化學相關領域之詞彙。(2)在此大眾科學素養量表（SLiM）的表現上，男生(M=33.93, SD=7.48)較女生好(M=31.69, SD=7.41) (t=4.24, p=0.000<0.05)。(3)高中生(Mean=37.4, SD=4.1)的SLiM表現顯著好於大學生(Mean = 32.8,SD=5.5)及國中生(Mean = 27.2  8.4)。(4)低媒體使用量之受試者(Mean = 30.8, SD= 6.42)的SLiM表現皆顯著低於中媒體使用量(Mean = 33.2, SD=7.3)及高媒體使用量(Mean = 34.1, SD=8.19)的受試者，但在中媒體使用量及高媒體使用量間沒有顯著差異。(5) 有科學偏好的受試者(M=34.47,SD=7.11)相較於沒有科學偏好的受試者(M=31.83, SD=7.57)在SLiM的表現上明顯較好(t=4.7, p=0.000<0.05)。

The purpose of this study was to develop a new research tool, which combines the views of experts and the general public, for assessing scientific literacy in media (SLiM). A total of 50 multiple-choice items were developed based on the 95 most common scientific terms derived from textbook index(es) and appearing in media, and covering the subjects of biology (45.26%, 22 items), earth science (37.90%, 19 items), physics (11.58%, 6 items) and chemistry (5.26%, 3 items) in Taiwan. A total of 1034 students from three distinct groups (7th graders, 10th graders and undergraduates) were invited to participate in this study. The reliability of this instrument was 0.86 (KR20). The average difficulty of the SLiM ranged from 0.19 to 0.91, and the discrimination power was 0.1 to 0.59. Our study found that the scientific terms related to biology showed the highest exposure (45.26%) in news and textbooks; the terms related to earth science were second (37.9%), and the terms related to Physics and Chemistry accounted for 11.58% and 5.26% respectively. Results of the SLiM study revealed that: (1) The male group (M=33.93, SD=7.48) received higher SLiM scores than the female group (M=31.69, SD=7.41) (t=4.24, p=0.000<0.05). (2) The 10th graders (Mean = 37.4, SD=4.1) performed better than undergraduates (Mean = 32.8, SD= 5.5) and 7th graders (Mean = 27.2, SD=8.4) with significant differences (p<0.05). (3) There existed significant difference between the low media usage group (Mean = 30.8, SD=6.42), the high media usage group (Mean = 34.1, SD=8.19) and middle media group (Mean = 33.2, SD=7.3). However, the high media usage group and middle media group were not significantly different in their performance on SLiM. (4) The science preference group (M=34.47, SD=7.11) scored higher than the non science preference group (M=31.83, SD=7.57) (t=4.7, p=0.000<0.05). Implications from the current SLiM study are finally discussed.