臺灣阿美族法制之研究

Abstract

阿美族是臺灣原住民族當中最大的族群，前後經過文化解構、融合及重構階段。學界討論原住民族權利保障以及法律體系建構，有時直接進入如何修訂憲法的研究，而未能先從解釋法律的方法入手，完整地思考現行法制其實存有許多足以對應處理原住民族權利保障的條文，可以給予周延的認識與理解，藉以實現原住民族人權的保障。畢竟法律的修訂，必須通過複雜的程序，遠不如法律解釋來得平常容易；在實現原權保障的策略順序上，法律解釋恆應先於法律制定。 台灣現行法規範對於原住民族的人權保障，如足以給予充分保障的條文，依循正確的問題意識，把握正確的觀念，賦予恰當的解釋，即使在法律未予修訂之前，也能提供原住民族完足的人權保障。 因此，所謂保障原住民族人權之國家法制，必須兼顧個人不因原住民族身分而受國家法令歧視之權利保障，以及原住民族做為一個整體以成為享受國家法令提供平等保障之權利主體的位置安排。檢討憲法增修條文原住民族條款與原住民族基本法等法令規定是否妥適，必須以此為審視基點。 準此，本文欲從四個方面來探討阿美族所欲建立的法律解釋或是法律價值體系：首先，透過探討國內外民族法學理論，理解法律人類學所勾勒之價值；次之，研析既有法規範體系秩序中轉型正義與原住民族權利與法制的糾葛與衝突；再者，針對阿美族法規範的調查與整理，提出見解；最後，歸納出阿美族法律體系之建立，延續既有憲政秩序，所建構之法律解釋、適用以及司法審查基準，應朝何種方向邁進，提出建議。Amis’ People are the basic unit and most amounts of indigenous people in Taiwan. Tribal culture has gone through the phases of destruction, integration, and reconstruction. The enhancement of the legal system subjectivity is the extreme expression of Taiwan indigenous people movements. Legal subjectivity is demonstrated in that whether the indigenous people have the right to determine their developments in politics, economy, society, culture, and education. This dissertation first reviews the traditional institution of the aboriginal tribes and understands the governmental ideology in tribes and clans, so as to analyze what legal subject would be, how their structures conflict with each other, and the condition of restructuring. Afterwards, the study suggests the framework of forming the relationship of equal rights and coexistence between legal autonomy and national governance. The applied research methods include literature method, interview method, historical research, and comparative research.