戶外教育跨領域課程實施與評量之行動研究—以攀樹課程為例
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2021
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本行動研究旨在探討戶外教育跨領域課程之實施歷程、學生學習經驗與成效及教師行動省思，嘗試解決國中學生學習動機低下、親自然性低落之問題。研究對象為臺北市某高中國中部一年級學生25人，實施為期十一週之戶外攀樹跨領域課程，透過蒐集在行動研究歷程中的教學觀察紀錄、課後議課紀錄、學生學習檔案、師生訪談紀錄等資料進行質性分析，得出以下研究結論：一、 戶外教育跨領域課程之實施與修正歷程：透過組成教師跨領域共備社群，以每週課程共備、協同教學與課後議課，逐步反思與修正課程，為教師帶來對戶外教育跨領域課程更深的理解與發現。二、戶外教育跨領域課程之學生經驗與成效：
1. 學生學習經驗：失衡經驗到自我調整、師生同儕互動學習、團隊衝突的因應學習、分享學習提升自信。
2. 學生學習成效：增進自我認識、提升學習動機、學習人際互動、增加對樹木關注、間接提升相關學科學習成效、促進不同情境學習遷移。
三、教師對戶外教育跨領域課程之行動省思：
1. 課程行動策略：在彈性選修課程實施戶外跨領域統整、彈性編排課程與協調課時、主動溝通以取得行政與家長的支持及攀樹專業訓練與協同教學的配搭。
2. 課程改進方向：增加課時及調整課程內容順序、融入環境教育元素於戶外教育跨領域課程、嘗試不同的戶外教育媒介發展跨領域課程。
3. 教師對戶外教育跨領域課程之理解：課程能整合分科及統整之優勢、作為素養導向教學的實踐、促進學生多元豐富學習。
本研究根據上述研究結論，提出相關實務及研究之具體建議，作為教師未來進行相關課程與研究參考。
This action research aims to explore the process of implementing the outdoor interdisciplinary curriculum (OIC), students’ experiences and learning outcomes, and teachers’ reflections. This study also tries to address junior high school students’ low learning motivation and their less affinity for nature.In this study, 25 students from a junior high school in the Taipei city participated in an 11-week OIC about tree climbing. A qualitative research method was adopted in this study. Teaching observation records, post-teaching discussion records, students’ learning profiles, and teachers’ and students’ interviews were collected and analyzed. Three key aspects were shown in the major findings below: (a) the implementation process of the OIC; (b) the students’ experiences, learning outcomes of OIC; and (c) the teachers’ reflections on the OIC.First, in terms of the implementation process of the OIC, teachers could have deeper understanding of OIC through forming an interdisciplinary professional learning community, interdisciplinary lesson planning and teaching, mutual classroom observation and post-teaching discussion to reflect and improve the lessons. Second, in the light of students’ learning experiences in OIC, disequilibrium experience supported self-regulation. Peer learning with students and teachers, coping with group conflicts, and sharing discoveries also improve students’ confidence. Regarding students’ learning outcomes, OIC could increase self-awareness, improve learning motivation, interpersonal skills, raise awareness for trees, promote students’ learning outcomes of related subjects, and promote learning transfer to a different context. Third, as for teachers’ reflections of the OIC, the strategies for implementation were planning course time with flexibility, the coordination of class schedules, active communication for supports from parents and school administrators, and the professional training of tree climbing for collaborative teaching. The improvement of OIC were adding more lesson and reorganized the learning content, integrating the element of environmental education, and trying different outdoor activities to development the OIC. With regard to the understanding of OIC, OIC can bring out the advantages of both integrated and disciplinary curriculum, serve as a practice of competency-based instruction, and enhance students’ diverse learning.Based on these results, some suggestions for future research and OIC planning are provided for future researchers and teachers.
This action research aims to explore the process of implementing the outdoor interdisciplinary curriculum (OIC), students’ experiences and learning outcomes, and teachers’ reflections. This study also tries to address junior high school students’ low learning motivation and their less affinity for nature.In this study, 25 students from a junior high school in the Taipei city participated in an 11-week OIC about tree climbing. A qualitative research method was adopted in this study. Teaching observation records, post-teaching discussion records, students’ learning profiles, and teachers’ and students’ interviews were collected and analyzed. Three key aspects were shown in the major findings below: (a) the implementation process of the OIC; (b) the students’ experiences, learning outcomes of OIC; and (c) the teachers’ reflections on the OIC.First, in terms of the implementation process of the OIC, teachers could have deeper understanding of OIC through forming an interdisciplinary professional learning community, interdisciplinary lesson planning and teaching, mutual classroom observation and post-teaching discussion to reflect and improve the lessons. Second, in the light of students’ learning experiences in OIC, disequilibrium experience supported self-regulation. Peer learning with students and teachers, coping with group conflicts, and sharing discoveries also improve students’ confidence. Regarding students’ learning outcomes, OIC could increase self-awareness, improve learning motivation, interpersonal skills, raise awareness for trees, promote students’ learning outcomes of related subjects, and promote learning transfer to a different context. Third, as for teachers’ reflections of the OIC, the strategies for implementation were planning course time with flexibility, the coordination of class schedules, active communication for supports from parents and school administrators, and the professional training of tree climbing for collaborative teaching. The improvement of OIC were adding more lesson and reorganized the learning content, integrating the element of environmental education, and trying different outdoor activities to development the OIC. With regard to the understanding of OIC, OIC can bring out the advantages of both integrated and disciplinary curriculum, serve as a practice of competency-based instruction, and enhance students’ diverse learning.Based on these results, some suggestions for future research and OIC planning are provided for future researchers and teachers.
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戶外教育, 跨領域課程, 行動研究, 攀樹課程, outdoor education, interdisciplinary curriculum, action research, tree climbing course