運用紙本地圖和2D數值地圖探索導航尋路行為建構空間認知歷程之差異

Abstract

探討人類導航尋路過程中，如何因不同地理媒介的使用逐步建構空間認知，是空間認知研究領域中，長期受到關注的重要議題。先前研究發現紙本地圖與2D數值地圖在導航尋路上，在檢證空間認知結果上有所差異，然而卻鮮少人記錄兩者在導航尋路過程中是如何建構空間認知歷程，進而導致在檢證空間認知結果上產生差異。本研究擬設計一項導航尋路任務，將受試者置於不熟悉之場域，並分別使用紙本地圖或2D數值地圖，於研究場域內步行特定路徑，同時搭配穿戴式眼動儀設備之使用，追蹤眼球運動，來度量導航尋路過程中受試者是如何透過不同地理媒介與實際環境互動，逐步建構空間認知歷程，並結合認知地圖繪製及半結構式訪談等多元度量空間認知之方法，補足眼動追蹤無法量測之部分，達到三角驗證之效果，並完整度量受試者導航尋路過程之空間認知歷程，從而分析不同地理媒介對於建構空間認知歷程所產生之差異。

透過多元空間認知度量方式，發現兩種地理媒介在導航尋路過程之空間認知歷程存在「獲取」、「儲存」與「回憶」三大空間認知面向之差異，且彼此相互影響，並且在外中心策略中作為參考點之環境物件選擇上也存在不同。此研究結果之發現，彌補過往研究缺少量化記錄導航尋路過程之部分，亦強化解釋空間認知歷程，拓展了空間認知領域之研究深度。The exploration of how humans gradually construct spatial cognition through the use of different geographical media during the process of navigation and wayfinding is an important and long-standing topic in the field of spatial cognition research. Previous studies have found differences in the transformation of spatial cognition into spatial knowledge when using paper maps and 2D digital maps for navigation and wayfinding. However, there is a lack of documentation on how these two mediums contribute to the construction of spatial cognition during the navigation and wayfinding process, leading to disparities in spatial knowledge acquisition.This study intends to design a navigation and wayfinding task, placing the subjects in an unfamiliar field, and using paper maps or 2D digital maps, respectively, to walk a specific path in the research field, and at the same time wearable Eye-tracking glasses the use of instrumentation equipment, tracking the user's eye movements, to measure how the subjects gradually construct spatial cognition through different media and environmental information in the process of navigation and wayfinding,combined with multiple measurement spatial cognition such as scale measurement, drawing cognitive maps and interviews, these methods complements the part that cannot be measured by eye tracking, and achieves a complete measurement of the spatial cognitive state of the subjects at each stage of navigation and wayfinding, so as to analyze the differences in the spatial cognitive construction of different media.Through diverse spatial cognition measurement methods, it was found that there are differences in the spatial cognitive processes of "acquisition," "storage," and "recall" during the navigation wayfinding process between the two types of geographic media, and these differences influence each other. Additionally, there are differences in the selection of environmental objects as reference points within egocentric strategies. These findings address the gap in previous research that lacked quantitative records of the navigation wayfinding process, enhancing the explanation of spatial cognitive processes and expanding the depth of research in the field of spatial cognition.