探討影響公民海洋素養的因子-從分析政府策略以及行為機制著手

Abstract

透過海洋教育增進學生的海洋素養，進而激發他們對負責任海洋環境行為的意願，已被認為是解決日益嚴重的海洋環境問題的有效途徑。台灣政府早已意識到海洋教育的重要性，在2006年頒布《海洋政策白皮書》後，國內的海洋教育推動計劃便正式啟動。多年來的努力使台灣的海洋教育在國際學術界得到廣泛關注和認可，並被視為海洋教育推動的先驅之一。透過比較台灣學生與其他國家學生的海洋素養表現，我們不僅可以檢驗台灣學生在當前海洋教育體系下是否展現出相對卓越的成效，還可以利用學生海洋素養的跨國比較結果，與各國的海洋教育發展策略進行對比，從中找出提升海洋素養的核心因素。此外，為了更有效提升台灣的海洋教育品質，本研究亦探討海洋素養對負責任海洋環境行為的影響機制，以深入了解影響台灣學生負責任海洋環境行為的關鍵要素，為未來台灣海洋教育的方向提供有力指引。為了達成這兩個研究目的，本論文分成以下兩項研究：研究一：我們共招募了5443名來自八個國家的高中生，並通過量表測量了海洋素養最具代表性的兩個構面，即知識和態度。結果顯示，臺灣學生在知識和態度兩項測試中的表現均優於其他七個國家。我們進一步比對了文獻回顧統整出的五項推廣海洋教育的關鍵策略，其中包括：政府頒布的海洋教育課綱、中央政府成立的海洋教育推廣機構、教師的海洋素養培訓計畫、海洋素養教材的開發，以及國內非政府組織的積極參與。比對結果突顯了政府頒布的海洋教育課綱的獨特性和重要性。將海洋素養納入國家課綱，不僅確保了教學內容有完整的架構，也將對相應的海洋教育政策實施和後續配套措施產生正向的影響。研究二：本研究旨在深入探討海洋知識及海洋態度對海洋負責任行為意圖的影響機制。我們招募了共266名的高中生和大學生，利用量表評估他們的海洋知識、海洋的態度和負責任海洋環境行為的意圖，並特別調查了潛在的中介效應。結果顯示，對海洋的態度在海洋知識和負責任海洋環境行為的意圖之間起到了中介作用。因此，若要引導人們採取負責任的海洋行為，加強對海洋態度的培育才是關鍵。Enhancing ocean literacy among students through marine education to stimulate their willingness to engage in responsible marine environmental behavior is seen as an effective means to tackle escalating marine environmental issues. The Taiwanese government, cognizant of the importance of marine education, officially launched national marine education programs after the"Ocean Policy White Paper" was issued in 2006. Years of dedicated effort have culminated in international academic recognition for Taiwan's marine education, positioning the country as a pioneer in this field. By juxtaposing the ocean literacy performance of Taiwanese students with that of students from other countries, this research not only assesses the relative effectiveness of Taiwan's current marine education system but also leverages cross-national comparisons to pinpoint core factors forenhancing ocean literacy. Furthermore, this study delves into the mechanisms through which ocean literacy impacts responsible marine environmental behavior, uncovering key elements that shape responsible marine actions among Taiwanese students and providing substantial guidance for Taiwan's future marine education direction. The thesis is structured into the following two studies: Study 1: Recruiting 5443 high school students from eight countries, we measured the two most representative facets of ocean literacy, namely knowledge and attitude. The findings show that Taiwanese students outperformed their peers from the other seven countries in both dimensions. Further analysis highlighted five critical strategies for promoting marine education, extracted from a literature review,including government-issued marine education curricula, central governmental agencies for marine education promotion, ocean literacy training programs for teachers, the development of ocean literacy materials, and active participation by domestic NGOs. The results emphasized the uniqueness and importance of government-issued marine education curricula in ensuring a comprehensive framework for teaching content, thereby having a positive impact on corresponding marine education policies and subsequent support measures.Study 2: This research aims to explore the influence of ocean knowledge and attitudes on the intention to behave responsibly in a marine setting. A total of 266 high school and college students were recruited, and their ocean knowledge, attitudes toward the ocean, and intention to engage in responsible marine environmental behavior were evaluated using questionnaires. The findings indicate that attitude toward the ocean acts as a mediating factor between ocean knowledge and intention to behave responsibly. Thus, to guide people towards responsible marine behavior, focusing on nurturing attitudes toward the ocean is key.