成年人藝術創作依戀行為之研究

Abstract

本研究由藝術創作、藝術教育與藝術治療的背景出發，理論架構乃由客體關係心理學之過渡性客體理論著手，探索成年非專業藝術創作者主動從事藝術創作的行為動機。針對此類由內在需求而產生的主動創作之行為，本研究以「藝術創作依戀行為」一詞定義之，再以敘事探究為研究方式，探索六名三十到四十歲間的成年非專業藝術創作者之生命故事，期能提供相關領域未來研究的新觀點。 為了進一步理解成年非專業藝術創作者主動發展藝術創作行為的歷程，本研究由研究對象個別而獨特的生命經驗中，深入理解藝術創作、藝術教育與藝術治療帶來的交錯影響之心理成長，形成個體創作經驗發展的研究結果。個體生命歷程中的藝術教育經驗、從事現階段藝術創作行為的主要起因、此行為穩定發展的因素與創作心理感受，以及個體自認為此行為未來的發展可能，為幾個主要探索的目標與問題。 研究結果顯示，藝術創作活動具有立足於現實與幻想間之潛在空間的過渡特質，能讓創作者於真實世界具體展現內在表徵，經驗內在情緒的非語言表達，並具備自主性的統整歷程。當個體在現實中面對生命議題時，藝術創作帶來的心理效果讓個體持續創作而形成藝術創作依戀的結果。此行為形成之後，因藝術媒材的具體特質，強化統整力量而獲取心理能量面對現實，讓個體能持續因內在需求而創作，維持對藝術創作的依戀，或進一步邁向藝術專業的學習。然而，心理能量可能形成具有過渡性特質的藝術創作依戀行為對個體而言逐漸失去意義，創作活動則成為未來不定期發生的興趣，或結合專業而形成具有社會意義的活動。“Art-tachment” is a new terminology that describes the behavior of non-professional adult artists attempting to practice art. This research attempts to study the phenomena from art, art education and art therapy perspectives, and interpret it from the object relation theory. Six research participants between the age of 30 and 40 are interviewed by using the method of narrative inquiry. The interviews were conducted with questions designed to gain deeper understanding on several perspectives of the art-tachment including personal experience of art education, psychological and practical reasons for practicing art, causes for continuing the behavior, and its future development. The result found that the special form of art contains characters of transitional object, which is able to connect inner self and outer reality. These specific functions of potential space help non-professional artists to represent the feeling of outer world, project the inner self, express through non verbal pictorial symbols, integrate inner world and get inner sources by this creative process. Once the art-tachment behavior is established, one would continue the behavior for the sake of confronting one’s own real life in a more tolerant attitude, or going further to learn professional art skills. However, the function of balancing the inner mind could lead losing transitional meanings of art-tachment and cause the creative behavior to change into an irregular hobby, or combine personal profession and become an activity with social meaning.