高齡者的健康狀況、健康相關行為 對快樂感的影響

Abstract

本研究目的在探討台灣地區55歲以上高齡者的健康狀況、健康相關行為對快樂感的影響，採橫斷性研究，分析2011年台灣社會變遷調查計畫第六期第二次健康組的資料。結果發現：有71%的高齡者自覺健康狀況良好；平均慢性病數目為0.76種；有57.9%的高齡者有規律運動習慣；79.4%有每天攝取蔬果；77.7%每天睡眠時數為6-8小時；有分別70%與76%的高齡者不抽煙與不喝酒；而快樂感的平均數為5.16（李克特七度量尺)。

而人口變項中的「已婚」、「自覺經濟狀況」與「教育程度」；健康狀況中的「自覺健康狀況」與「看醫生頻率」；健康相關行為中的「運動」、「蔬果攝取」與「睡眠時數」在快樂感得分上有顯著差異。健康狀況中的「慢性病數目」、「自覺健康狀況」與「看醫生頻率」；健康相關行為中的「運動」與「蔬果攝取」與快樂感呈現相關。「自覺經濟狀況」、「教育程度」、「自覺健康狀況」與「運動」此四個變項是高齡者快樂感的預測因子，可解釋快樂感總變異數的25.5%。 由以上研究結果得知，對於高齡者而言，若保持良好的健康狀況及規律的運動，即能提昇其快樂感。

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of health status and health-related behavior on happiness of elderly. The method of this study employed the cross-sectional study, and employed the data from Taiwan Social Change Survey which was executed by Academia Sinica from 2011 to 2012 in order to investigate happiness of elderly. The results were as follows: 71% of elderly deem that self-perceived health status is good. The average number of chronic disease is 0.76. 57.9% of elderly maintain regular exercise, and 79.4% of them intake vegetables and fruits every day. Furthermore, 70% of elderly do not smoke and 76% of them do not drink. The average of happiness is 5.16 out of 7.

The elderly’s “marriage,” “self-perceived economic status,” and “education” significantly influence happiness. The “self-perceived health status” and “frequency of medical seeking” of health status significantly influence happiness; in addition, the “exercise,” “intake vegetables and fruits,” and “sleep duration” of health-related behavior also significantly influence happiness. The “self-perceived health status” of health status has a positive correlation on happiness, and the “exercise” and “intake vegetables and fruits” of health-related behavior also have positive correlations on happiness. However, “number of chronic diseases” and “frequency of medical seeking” of health status have negative correlations on happiness. “Self-perceived economic status,” “education,” “self-perceived health status,” and “exercise” were predictors of the happiness, accounting for 25.5% of total variance.

According to results, keeping good health and maintaining regular exercise could help elderly bring more happiness.