兒童基本操作性技能發展之建構—以試題作答理論取向

Abstract

本研究以建立基本操作性技能為題，採用試題反應理論的取向，建立基本操作性技能評估方式，同時探討國小學童基本操作性技能能力。研究目的包含以試題作答理論建構適合於台灣地區國小學童基本操作性技能評估之測驗，同時評估目前國小學童所具備之基本操作性技能能力，並據此探討該能力與九年一貫「健康與體育」學習領域，分段能力指標設定之目標能力是否一致。參與者為國小三年級學童101人及五年級學童90人，合計191人。測驗採自編之打擊、運球、接球、踢球、投擲及滾球六項測驗作為評估的方式。測驗過程利用攝影機拍攝，並採二元計分方式記錄各測驗之特徵表現。資料分析以二參數模式進行，分析發現參與者在六項能力平均估計值皆高於測驗難度平均值，顯示六項測驗在難度估計上屬偏易的情況。同時，同年級男學童表現優於女學童，同性別則五年級學童優於三年級學童，且就動作表現型態而言，女學童在動作表現上存有變異性。在能力含概率上，男學童之能力涵蓋測驗難度的範圍皆大於80％，女學童部分則多項測驗尚未達達到80％的含概率。經由研究討論後，本研究主要獲致結論如下：（一）應用試題作答理論能有效建構動作能力之評估方式；（二）國小學童之基本操作性技能能力具有性別及年齡差異；（三）僅國小男學童在基本操作性技能能力符合分段能力指標之要求，女學童部分則多數未能達成。

The purpose was to construct fundamental movement skill assessments for the elementary school student in Taiwan through item response theory. At the same time assessed the competency of fundamental movement skills, and discussed the difference of competence between students and competence indicators of Health and Physical Education learning area in Grade 1-9 Curriculum. The participation were 101 students from 3-grade and 90 students from 5-grade of elementary school. The tests were including striking, dropping, catching, kicking, throwing, and rolling, which all were developed by researcher. The process of testing was shot by video, and recorded the data by dichotomous score. The data was analyzed by two-parameter model. After analyzing, all averages of ability of students are higher than averages of difficulty of tests, showing all tests trend easy. Besides, the performances of boys were better than girls, and the performances of 5-grade are better than 3-grade. About movement pattern, there were differentiations with the preference of girls, and the contain rates for the difficulty of tests were more than 80 percentage in boys, and were less than 80 percentage in girls. The conclusions of this study were as followings: 1. It is effective to construct movement skill assessments by using item response theory approach. 2. There is difference between gender and age in fundamental movement skills of elementary school students. 3. Only the fundamental movement skills of boys suitable the requirement of competence indicators of Health and Physical Education of Grade 1-9 Curriculum.