隔宿露營對於國中生班級團隊凝聚力影響之研究

Abstract

過去研究指出，透過露營教育，參加者能從中提升生活技巧以及人際互動關係的能力，其中包含團隊凝聚力的發展。再者，提升團隊凝聚力將有利於學生的學習。隔宿露營作為學校露營教育的其中一種形式，在我國國中教育階段中十分普遍，其活動安排、參加對象以及課程體驗與過去研究之露營教育不盡相同，因此本研究旨在探討隔宿露營對於國中生班級團隊凝聚力之影響。本研究透過問卷，針對臺北市某完全中學國中部參與隔宿露營之八年級學生進行調查，以班級為單位，經立意抽樣在六個普通班中選取三個班級進行施測，經排除重要變項漏答問卷，有效樣本為51份。於隔宿露營前後，分別進行「班級團隊凝聚力量表」問卷施測，以了解經過隔宿露營的團隊凝聚力變化，並且考量不同背景面向對於團隊凝聚力的影響。此外，輔以班級導師為對象之半結構式訪談，以深入了解隔宿露營對於參與學生團隊凝聚力的影響因素。本研究發現：1. 隔宿露營對於國中生班級團隊凝聚力的影響並不顯著，其原因在於在隔宿露營中，各班級的經歷不同，因此造成的變化也會不相同。此外，相較於過去研究，隔宿露營的課程設計應考量學生經驗設計具有挑戰性的任務並且加強團隊建立、反思活動，深化隔宿露營之團隊經驗。2. 性別、社團參與對於團隊凝聚力的變化差異亦不顯著，其原因在於性別與社團參與作為背景變項的經驗差異不大；而隔宿露營對於國中生班級團隊凝聚力的影響在不同班級中達到顯著差異，其原因與班級團體互動經驗、導師引導有關。3. 經與導師的半結構式訪談發現，引導學生建立團體目標、鼓勵學生積極參與以及團隊的成功與正向經驗皆對於團隊凝聚力發展有正向影響。針對研究結果，本研究對於未來隔宿露營的活動設計、活動領導員的培育以及班級教師涉入與引導提出相關建議，以提升參加者的團隊凝聚力，增進隔宿露營之效益。Previous research indicates that camping education enhances participants' life skills and interpersonal relationships, including team cohesion. Improved team cohesion benefits student learning. Overnight camping is common in our junior high schools, differing in activity arrangements, participants, and course experiences from past studies. This study explores its impact on junior high students' class team cohesion. Using questionnaires, we surveyed eighth-grade students from a Taipei junior high school who participated in overnight camping. We selected three classesfrom six through purposive sampling, with 51 valid responses after excluding incomplete ones. The"Class Team Cohesion Scale" was administered before and after the camping to measure changes and consider different backgrounds' effects. Semi-structured interviews with class teachers provided deeper insights. Findings: 1. Overnight camping did not significantly impact team cohesion, likely due to varied class experiences. Future curriculums should include challenging tasks and enhance team-building and reflection activities. 2. Gender and club participation did not significantly affect team cohesion changes, but differences among classes were significant, related to interaction experiences and teacher guidance.3. Interviews revealed that setting group goals, encouraging participation, and achieving team success positively impact team cohesion.This study suggests improving future overnight camping designs, training leaders, and involving class teachers to enhance team cohesion and effectiveness.