台灣幫派電影融入華語教學

Abstract

本研究旨在探討台灣當派電影在華語教學中的文化教學應用，試圖拓展教師再多媒體選材時的範圍與多元性。「幫派電影」自1970年代開始出現於台灣電影中，自此之後，其作為一個電影的素材，開始大量出現在台灣電影作品中。由於幫派特殊的背景，且牽涉之社會性議題具有爭議性，許多人對於幫派電影的初步認識僅限於「犯罪」與「暴力」。然而，本研究發現，幫派題材在長時間的發展後，其形象和再現方式有所轉變，從初期強調逞兇鬥狠的人物描繪，逐漸轉變為以其作為載體，以豐富的時代背景、完整的呈現台灣的社會現象和文化情境，抒發對於當時代社會性議題的意見，甚至成為了台灣在地化的文化符碼之一。再者，本研究更提出三個可供華語文化教學的主題分析，認為這些主題不僅反映了台灣的歷史和社會背景，更包含華人文化的深層價值觀。研究架構分為三大部分，一是台灣幫派電影的形象再現變化之分析，其中涵蓋1970年代至2010年代，共四個時期之十二部具代表性之台灣幫派題材電影；二是分析台灣幫派電影中可應用於華語文教學之文化意涵，包括：「義氣精神」、「國族議題」和「在地文化符碼」三大主題，並以電影《艋舺》、《角頭》、《悲情城市》及《牯嶺街少年殺人事件》為主要分析對象；最後，第三部分則是運用以上的素材，選擇以電影《艋舺》進行「義氣精神」之華語文文化教學教案設計，並配合ARCS動機理論和ASSURE教學設計模式。期待可以拓展華語文教學之媒體選材範圍，並且提供多元的教學主題和教學活動，以供後人參考與使用。This study aims to explore the application of Taiwanese gangster films in Mandarin teaching, attempting to broaden the scope and diversity of multimedia materials available to teachers."Gangster films" first appeared in Taiwanese cinema in the 1970s. Since then, as a film genre, it has become prevalent in Taiwanese cinematic works. Due to the unique background of gangs and the controversial social issues they involve, initial perceptions of gangster films are often limited to "crime" and "violence." However, this study finds that the representation and image of gangster themes have evolved over time. Initially focused on depicting violent characters, these films have graduallytransformed into vehicles for expressing opinions on contemporary social issues, richly portraying the era's background, Taiwanese social phenomena, and cultural contexts. Gangster films have even become a localized cultural symbol of Taiwan. Furthermore, this study proposes three thematic analyses suitable for cultural teaching in Mandarin education, suggesting that these themes reflect Taiwan's historical and social background and encompass deep-seated values of Chinese culture. The research framework is divided into three main parts. The first part analyzes the changes in the representation of Taiwanese gangster films, covering four periods from the 1970s to the 2010s, encompassing twelve representative Taiwanese gangster films. The second part examines the cultural implications of Taiwanese gangster films that can be applied to Mandarin teaching, including three major themes:"The Spirit of Brotherhood(yiqi)," "National Issues," and "Local Cultural Codes." Films such as "Monga," "Gatao," "A City of Sadness," and "A Brighter Summer Day" are the primary objects of analysis. The third part utilizes the aforementioned materials, selecting "Monga" for the design of a Mandarin cultural teaching lesson focusing on "The Spirit of Brotherhood(yiqi)," integrating the ARCS motivation theory and ASSURE instructional design model. This study aims to expand the range of media materials in Mandarin language teaching and provide diverse teaching themes and activities for future reference and use.