某國中學生吸菸意圖之研究-- 理性行動理論的應用

Abstract

本論文研究之目的主要瞭解影響國中學生吸菸行為意圖的因素，探討以理性行動理論為基礎及社會學習理論中之自我效能是否能預測國中生之吸菸意圖。以臺北市某公立國民中學一零一學年度第二學期七、八、九年級全體學生為研究母群體，以班級為抽樣單位，每年即抽出四個班，共回收366份有效問卷，問卷中包含行為信念、主觀規範、態度、自我效能和吸菸意圖等量表。經資料處理並使用多元邏輯斯迴歸等方式進行分析，研究結果如下： 一、研究對象之態度以及拒菸自我效能皆為吸菸行為意圖的關聯變項，且吸菸行為意圖主要受到拒菸自我效能影響。 二、外在變項中，僅過去吸菸經驗能在態度、主觀規範和拒菸自我效能外，顯著地增加對吸菸意圖之影響。 三、態度、主觀規範與其構成信念間的關係：本研究對象對吸菸行為之態度與行為信念、結果評價之交乘積和呈現顯著的正相關；對吸菸行為之主觀規範與規範信念、依從動機之交乘積和呈現顯著的正相關。 四、理性行動理論加入自我效能後更能有效地預測吸菸行為意圖。 五、行為信念、結果評價、規範信念及拒菸自我效能各子信念均與吸菸意圖有顯著關係。

由以上之研究結果，本研究針對未來之預防吸菸教育計畫及研究提出建議，以作為未來預防吸菸教育及實證研究之參考。

The purpose of the study was to predict and explain the smoking intention based on both Theory of Reasoned Action and self-efficacy. Beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy and the intention of smoking behavior were obtained from 366 junior high school students in Taipei. The results were evaluated by multiple logistic regression. The major findings were as follows：

(a.) The attitude toward smoking and the self-efficacy of refusing smoking were significantly related to the intention of smoking. The most dominant variable for predicting the intention of smoking was self-efficacy. (b.) External variable-the smoking experience can directly affect students’ intention of smoking. (c.) There is positive correlation between the attitude toward smoking and the multiplication of behavioral beliefs and evaluations of behavioral outcomes. There is also positive correlation between subjective norm and the multiplication of normative beliefs and motivation to comply. (d.) We can predict the intention of smoking more valid by linking up Theory of Reasoned Action with self-efficacy. (e.) Behavioral beliefs, evaluations of behavioral outcomes, normative beliefs and the self-efficacy of refusing smoking were significantly to the intention of smoking. Implications for use of this findings by health educators in developing intervention to prevent smoking are discussed.