就葛蘭西文化霸權論女性運動身體之解構

Abstract

在運動場上女性歷經了從無到有的過程。女性的運動身體在進入運動場域後，歷經各種運動種類服裝相較於男性顯得非常頻繁而巨大的改變。本研究的目的，在透過探討女性身體在運動場域中經歷的各種服裝變革，解構女性運動身體受服裝形塑的走向。為解讀女性運動身體在服裝變革的歷史洪流中所扮演的角色，研究方法採用實物分析法及半結構式訪談法為途徑，運用葛蘭西的文化霸權理論，由權力掌控、資本主義支配及社會價值變化等方面進行探究，並以臺灣女性排球運動員為例進行訪談，做為社會意識形態差異的印證。葛蘭西文化霸權理論源起自階級的鬥爭，在全球化的現代，已擴大引用至世界各地的權力掌控，本研究就運動場域中西方霸權的情景進行分析，並提出反霸權的女性身體，在現代奧運史上達成的一次次動態性平衡。其次，在資本主義制度中的金錢及媒體介入，已成為形塑女性運動身體的推手，而由暗轉明的商業介入導致服裝變革受商業主導，使女性身體喪失主體性。最後，以臺灣女性運動身體為例，就女性身體同一性中的差異性討論東方與西方的社會價值差異；為重視女性身體同一性中的差異性，宜由女性運動身體自行決定樣式。Female athlete strives for the sport rights from scratch. After female entering the athletic field, changes of each sportswear were significantly more frequent and obvious compared with male. The study is to analyze a deconstruction of clothing from female body in the sport arenaand the impact of changes in the female sport body. Objective analysis and semi-structured interview approach are used to explain the role that female sport body played in the history of clothing transform. Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony is adopted to investigate several aspects, such as authority controlled, Capitalism dominated, and social values changed. Also interviews of Taiwanese female volleyball players are proved the society ideology differences. Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony originated from the class struggle is quoted by people in power around the world under globalized modern. This study will evaluate scene of Western hegemony in the sport arena, and introduce anti-hegemonic female body in the modern Olympics history reached dynamic equilibrium again and again. Secondly, under influenced by money and media of capitalist system, it becomes a promoter of shaping female sport body. Moreover business involvement from dark to bright led to clothing changing strongly, and the subjectivity loss of the female body. Finally, we will discuss the diversity from the identity of female body between Eastern and Western society values in Taiwan female sport body. Furthermore, to emphasize the diversity from the identity, clothing style should be determined by female athlete itself.