提供微電網應用研究的網宇實體系統驗證平台

Abstract

網宇實體系統（CPS）和物聯網（IoT）在推動工業 4.0 及促進智慧家庭和智慧工廠方面扮演著至關重要的角色。然而，部署物聯網設備可能會導致電力消耗增加。如今，可再生能源成為傳統電網的一個有前景的替代方案，但這些能源可能會供電不穩定。對於智慧家庭中用於感知、計算和執行的物聯網設備來說，持續穩定的電源供應是至關重要的。因此，本論文提出了一個網宇實體系統驗證平台，用於解決加入可再生能源後的供電問題，確保物聯網設備有足夠的電源供應。本驗證平台利用硬體在環仿真（HIL）技術，可監控可再生能源和電力輸出的波動和變化，並模擬評估智慧家庭微電網的性能。本論文呈現了一個案例研究，利用太陽能板和壓電裝置作為微電網的可再生能源來源。案例研究中的控制器有效地監測可再生能源的供電情況，並發送控制信號來切換能源來源，確保物聯網設備在可再生能源電力供應不穩定時仍有持續的電源供應，維持正常運作。Cyber-physical systems (CPS) and the Internet of Things (IoT) play crucial roles in advancing Industry 4.0, facilitating smart home and smart factory.The deployment of these IoT devices, however, may lead to increasing power consumption. Nowadays, renewable energy sources present a promising alternative to conventional power grid, but these energy sources may be unstable. For the reliable operation of IoT devices used for sensing, computation, and execution in a smart home, a consistent power source is crucial. This thesis presents a cyber-physical testbed for addressing the power supply issue and ensuring a sufficient power supply for IoT devices. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) is used in the system validation on the testbed. The use of HIL captures the fluctuations and variations in renewable energy sources and power output, and enables simulation and evaluation of the performance of smart home microgrids.This thesis also presents a case study that utilizes a PV array and a piezo bender energy harvester as renewable energy sources for microgrids. The controller in the case study effectively monitors the production of renewable energy sources and sends control signals for switching energy sources to ensure an uninterrupted power supply to IoT devices.