賦權與削權動機氣候對女子職業籃球選手競技倦怠之預測:以心理堅韌性為調節變項

Abstract

目的：本研究主要探討職業女子籃球選手知覺教練賦權動機氣候與削權動機氣候對競技倦怠之預測，並檢驗運動心理堅韌性的調節效果。方法：以2023-2024年女子籃球職業聯賽選手為研究對象，共計發放58份問卷 (國泰人壽：15人、台元紡織：15人、中華電信：15人、台灣電力：14人)剔除無效問卷後，有效問卷為56份，回收率為 96.55%。測量工具以「賦權與削權動機氣候量表」、「競技倦怠量表」與「特質運動心理堅韌性量表」進行施測，所得資料以描述性統計分析、皮爾森績差相關、多元與階層迴歸進行分析。結果：(一) 賦權動機氣候和削權動機氣候皆能有效地預測運動心理堅韌性，而削權動機氣候亦能有效正向預測競技倦怠；(二) 運動心理堅韌性對賦權、削權動機氣候與競技倦怠皆無顯著的交互作用。結論：(一) 選手知覺教練塑造愈多賦權或削權動機氣候時，運動心理堅韌性也就愈好，而塑造削權動機氣候愈多，選手的競技倦怠就愈高。(二) 運動心理堅韌性對賦權和削權動機氣候與競技倦怠皆無調節效果。Purpose: This study primarily explores the predictive effects of perceived coaching empowerment motivation climate and disempowerment motivation climate on competitive burnout among professional women's basketball players, and examines the moderating effect of psychological resilience. Methods: The study sample consisted of players from the 2023-2024 Women's Basketball Professional League, with a total of 58 questionnaires distributed (Cathay Life Insurance: 15 participants, Taiyuan Textile: 15 participants, Chunghwa Telecom: 15 participants, Taiwan Power Company: 14 participants). After excluding invalid questionnaires, 56 valid questionnaires were obtained, with a response rate of 96.55%.The measurement tools used were the “Empowerment and Disempowerment Motivation Climate Scale,” the “Competitive Burnout Scale,” and the “Trait Sport Psychological Resilience Scale.” The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression and hierarchical regression. Results: (1) Both empowerment and disempowerment motivation climate effectively predict psychological resilience, while disempowerment motivation climate can also positively predict competitive burnout. (2) There was no significant interaction between empowerment or disempowerment motivational climate and psychological resilience on competitive burnout. Conclusions: (1) The players perceived more empowering or disempowering motivational climates from the coaches, the better psychological resilience; The more disempowering motivation climates, the higher competitive burnout. (2) Psychological resilience was no moderating effect on empowerment and disempowerment motivational climate and competitive burnout.