不同年齡層參與馬拉松賽的血液生化值之比較

Abstract

本研究主要目的是瞭解完成馬拉松賽前及賽後生化值之變化；以及不同年齡層完成馬拉松賽生化值之比較。本研究以參加2001年台北市國際馬拉松賽(42.195 km)選手中，自願參與本研究者為實驗對象，共計30人，最後跑完全程者有26人，依年齡分為青年（20-39歲）、壯年（40-49歲）及中老年（50-70歲）三組。於比賽前12小時及比賽後立即抽血，以t考驗比較受試者在馬拉松比賽前後的乳酸脫氫酶、肌酸激酶、飯前血糖及乳酸等四種血液生化值。結果發現全體受試者完成馬拉松後的生化值均顯著高於跑步前(P<.05)，其完成馬拉松的生化值分別為，乳酸脫氫酶(239.46±34.42 U/L)、肌酸激酶(307.65±141.07 U/L)、飯前血糖(113.46±28.76 mg/dL)及乳酸(3.52±1.53 mmol/L)；跑步前的生化值分別為，乳酸脫氫酶(177.96±0.35 U/L)、肌酸激酶(184.4±120.78 U/L)、飯前血糖(100.08±12.02 mg/dL))及乳酸(1.25±0.50 mmol/L)。以單因子變異數分析不同年齡層完成馬拉松的生化值之比較，僅在乳酸脫氫酶差異達顯著水準(P<.05) ，經進一步事後比較，僅有青年組(263.5±33.0 U/L)與壯年組(225.7±32.78 U/L)間有所差異。因此，本研究獲得下列結論：(l)從事長時問的耐力性運動會造成肌酸激酶、乳酸脫氫酶、飯前血糖及乳酸值的上升；(2)參與馬拉松運動容易對身體組織造成某種程度的傷害，而這些損傷程度並不因年齡不同而有所差異。

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of prolonged endurance exercise on the biomarkers of marathon runner as well as the effect of age on the plasma biomarkers of marathon runner. Thirty athletes of the 2001 Taipei International Marathon volunteered to participate in the study, and 26 finished the race (42.195 km). Based on the age, 26 participates were divided into three groups: Young (20-39), Adult (40-49), and Senior (50-70). Blood samples were taken 12 hours before and immediately after the race, and then analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), glucose, and lactate. After the race, all the biomarkers measured were significantly increased (P<.05). The concentrations of each biomarker measured after the race were: LDH (239.46�34.42 U/L), CK (307.65�141.07 U/L), glucose (113.46�28.76 mg/dL), and lactate (3.52�1.53 mmol/L), whereas those measured before the race were: LDH (177.96�30.35 UIL), CK (184.46�120.78 U/L), glucose (100.08�12.02 mg/dL), and lactate (1.25�0.50 mmol/L). After one-way ANOVA, the significant difference (P<.05) was found in the concentration of LDH between Young (263.5�33.0 U/L) and Adult (225.7�32.8 U/L) groups only. In conclusion, prolonged endurance exercise would significantly increase the concentrations of LDH, CK, glucose, and lactate. Tissue damage could be induced by a marathon race regardless of the difference in age.