製作第一人稱且多元聲音元素的 Podcast 報導：借鑑 Podcast 新聞學的實踐研究

Abstract

Podcast作為一種與廣播既連結又創新的聲音媒介，為創作者提供各種實踐的空間與可能，而在眾多的聲音內容中，敘事類型的Podcast報導逐漸成為受矚目的形式之一。美國公共廣播體系——相關作品例如：Serial、S-Town、This American Life等——承襲非虛構新聞與廣播紀錄片的美學與技藝，實踐出以「說故事」為核心的Podcast內容，強調第一人稱敘事與多元聲音元素的結合，開展出獨特的聲音敘事風格。前述作品的敘事風格與機構衍伸的製作技藝，成為我在學習與製作過程中的重要參照，並啟發我展開自己的實踐歷程。因此，本研究從自身的製作經驗出發，期望豐富在地經驗，以實踐研究作為方法，回顧並拆解五個Podcast作品的製作歷程，進一步思考Podcast作為報導形式的潛力，並深化對第一人稱敘事與多元聲音元素的概念與意涵。本研究發現，研究者的Podcast實踐深受校園場域提供的空間與制度性支持所影響，而作為一個介於商業製作與獨立創作之間的實踐基地，校園場域展現出其獨特性與過渡性。回顧五個Podcast作品的製作經驗，研究者將其實踐過程歸納為三個層次：「背景」、「條件」與「挑戰」。在「背景」層次，校園提供理論與實務並重、且包容支持的創作空間；在「條件」層次，研究者於具體任務中建立以聲音為核心的製作邏輯；在「挑戰」層次，面對企劃目標不清與聽眾回饋的指正下，研究者重新思考自身敘事的位置，進而發展出Podcast報導的意識。透過三個層次的理解，研究指出教育機構提供實踐者技術與資源，也為實驗性的聲音報導形式開創發展的可能性。本研究的另一項發現，則聚焦於多元的聲音元素與第一人稱敘事的交織運用，強調當兩種技術整合應用時，是形塑出以「聲音」為核心的Podcast報導。研究者將多元的聲音元素分為三種類型：現場聲響、音樂與擬聲，並指出這些聲音素材不只是營造氛圍的工具，更在敘事中扮演引導理解、傳遞文化與形塑節奏與情感的關鍵元素；而第一人稱敘事，則說明其作為一種具備彈性的說故事方式，能夠建立敘事者與聽眾之間平行且親近的關係，進一步引導觀點、建構共感，並呈現製作者的反思歷程，甚至成為介入社會議題的可能策略。Podcast, as an audio medium both connected to and distinct from radio, offers creators diverse opportunities for practice and experimentation. Among the wide range of podcast content, narrative podcast journalism has emerged as a particularly prominent form. Through representative works such as Serial, S-Town, and This American Life, the U.S. public radio system—particularly NPR—has inherited the aesthetics and production crafts of nonfiction journalism and radio documentaries. It has further developed a distinctive style of audio storytelling that emphasizes the integration of first-person narration and multi-layered sound elements. The narrative approaches of these works, along with the production crafts developed within their institutional contexts, served as important references during my learning and production processes, and inspired me to begin my own practice. Accordingly, this study takes my production experiences as a starting point and seeks to enrich locally grounded perspectives. Through a practice-based research approach, it reviews and analyzes five podcast projects I created, exploring the potential of podcasting as a form of journalistic storytelling and deepening the concepts of first-person narration and multi-layered sound elements.This study found that the researcher’s podcast practice was significantly shaped by the institutional support provided within the university. As a site situated between commercial production and independent creation, the campus functioned as a distinctive and transitional base for practice. Reflecting on the production experiences of five podcast projects, the researcher categorized the practice process into three layers: “background,” “conditions,” and “challenges.” At the background level, the campus offered a creative environment that balanced theoretical learning with hands-on practice and provided inclusive support. At the conditions level, the researcher developed a sound-centered production logic through specific tasks. At the challenges level, unclear project goals and direct audience feedback led the researcher to critically reconsider their narrative position, eventually cultivating an awareness of podcast journalism. Through this three-layered framework, the study highlights how educational institutions not only provide technical and institutional resources for practitioner but also open up possibilities for the development of experimental audio journalism.Another key finding of this study focuses on the intertwined use of multi-layered sound elements and first-person narration, emphasizing that the integration of these two techniques shapes a form of podcast reporting that is fundamentally sound-driven. The researcher categorizes sound elements into three types: ambient sound, music, and Foley. These sonic materials are not merely tools for creating atmosphere; they play crucial roles in guiding audience understanding, conveying cultural meaning, and shaping narrative rhythm and emotion. First-person narration, on the other hand, is framed as a flexible storytelling strategy that allows the narrator to establish a parallel and intimate relationship with the listener. It also facilitates the guiding of perspectives, the construction of empathy, the presentation of the producer’s reflective process, and potentially, the engagement with social issues.