高中國文科教師教學專業知識之個案研究──以實踐「仁」的意涵為例

Abstract

本研究以一位現任之高中國文科教師陳老師為研究對象，透過質性研究的方式，旨在探討個案教師之教學專業知識的內涵，並分析、討論個案教師如何對「仁」的意涵產生的自覺，並實踐於教學專業知識中。本研究之發現如下：

一、個案教師之教學專業知識內涵包括：國文學科教學知識、課程知識、一般教學知識、學習者知識等四面向。 二、就國文學科教學知識而言：教學乃是價值觀念的傳遞，並且以文化傳承為國文教學的首要目的，教師應培養「善待他人」的信念，才能達成「傳道、授業、解惑」的責任。 三、就課程知識而言：「仁」雖然是道德實踐的範疇，但是仍可透過認知的方式，達成觀念上的理解，而其中最具體且能隨手援引的方式，便是透過國文教材的運用。高中國文教材內容對於「仁」的意涵多所著墨，其中尤以中國文化基本教材最為直接，教師可以利用教材的內容，傳遞中華文化的精髓，使國文教學不光只是語文訓練及文學欣賞的技能學習，更包含文化精神的培養與陶冶。 四、就一般教學知識而言：教師的「仁者」風範，可透過合宜的言教、身教與境教，讓學習者有楷模可依循。 五、就學習者知識而言：「仁」的意涵對學習者知識而言，乃在培養學生正確的處世態度，使其具有良善的品德、合宜的待人方式，懂得與人溝通、與同儕相處，以促進學生達成自我實現的目標。

透過本研究，吾人確信，高中國文教學乃有其價值意義，教師的角色實為「任重而道遠」，國文教師不應自我菲薄，亦不可妄自尊大，應時時力行、以身作則，達成真實生命的實踐。

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the professional knowledge of an expert teacher, Mr. Chen, who teaches Chinese Literature in a prestigious senior high school in Taipei City. To address the sprit of the teacher’s pedagogical expertise, the study uses the concept of using “Jen” (Benevolence), drawn from Confucius Doctrine, as the core of the analysis of the teacher’s teaching practice. Qualitative data are collected by employing observations, interviews, and document analysis in the school year of 2002. The major findings are as follows:

(1)Mr. Chen’s professional knowledge for teaching contains pedagogical content knowledge in Chinese Literature, curriculum knowledge, general pedagogical knowledge, and knowledge of learners. (2)Pedagogical content knowledge in Chinese Literature: As a Chinese Literature teacher, Mr. Chen demonstrates that the most important purpose is to transmit Chinese culture. And Mr. Chen believes that the theory and practice of “Jen” is the core of Chinese culture. (3)Curriculum knowledge: By using abundant curriculum knowledge, Mr. Chen successfully makes students realize “Jen” as the spirit of the Chinese culture. (4)General pedagogical knowledge: Mr. Chen models himself as a “kindhearted gentleman”, and an exemplar of his students. In short, he works very hard to practice “Jen” in his teaching. (5)Knowledge of learners: Mr. Chen’s teaching performance shows that he knows very well about his students. And Mr. Chen’s understanding of “Jen” assists him to be a good teacher with rich knowledge in this regard.

Concluding remarks and recommendation for future research are made in the last chapter of the thesis.