基模優勢性與推論難度對幽默故事理解之影響：以眼動資料為證據

Abstract

「反向合意模式」是當代幽默理論中，對幽默故事的理解歷程描述最為具體的理論，然而該理論當時僅使用讀者閱讀完整則笑話之主觀評定結果作為理論驗證的依據，卻少有其他的實徵研究檢驗該理論所提出之階段歷程模式。因此，本研究主要目的為探討影響幽默故事理解的認知歷程，分別檢驗「基模優勢性」與「逆溯推論步驟」對幽默理解在眼動軌跡上的差異。實驗一，操弄營造敘述衍生不同強度的基模優勢性（高優勢基模組和低優勢基模組）。結果發現高優勢基模的關鍵語句在平均瞳孔大小顯著大於低優勢基模關鍵語句，表示閱讀高優勢基模的幽默故事所引起的生理激發較大。實驗二，將關鍵語句操弄為「提供逆溯推論」、「簡單逆溯推論」和「複雜逆溯推論」三種狀況。結果發現，複雜逆溯推論笑話比提供逆溯推論笑話有較多的回視次數與總凝視時間，支持逆溯推論歷程具有心理實質性。本研究結果大致支持反向合意模式，區分「基模優勢性」與「逆溯推論步驟」對幽默理解與好笑的影響。

The present study aimed to test whether the schema dominance and inference difficulty influence the comprehension of humor story in Contrast-Coherence Theory or not. There were two reading experiments and desktop eye tracker was used to recorded participants’ eye movements when they were reading. In Experiment 1, 30 participants read two versions of set-up lines (high and low dominant schema), and the results showed a larger pupil size in high dominant schema than low dominant schema. As for experiment 2, 36 participants read different punch line versions (provided, simple and complex). Through analyzing the data from experiment 2, it was observed that participants were more likely to make regressive (leftward) eye movements after reading the punch-line of a humor story, and total viewing duration was longer for the complex backward inference than provided backward inference. The results of experiment 2 are taken to support the psychological reality of the process of frame-shifting, suggesting readers literally revisit aspects of the prior context while apprehending humor stories. In conclusion, this study supports the idea that the schema dominance and inference difficulty are influential factors in humor comprehension.