台灣獨立影展的組織系統探討

Abstract

「影展」做為一種觀影的場域，所意指的非只是特定的硬體空間，而是在測 展組織構思和執行下，不同於一般院線電影的映演行為。台灣自1980年代初期「台北金馬影展國際觀摩影展」以降，影展活動至今三十餘年間相繼出現各種城市、議題、學生、國族等主題影展，著實成為台灣電影產業、策展單位及觀眾不可或缺的文化平台。但在2016年資深在地影展「南方影展」突然宣布熄燈，引起台灣電影、影展界一片譁然，更引起媒體報導討論；然而就此事件深入檢視台灣影展長期脈絡觀察而言，我國的影展產貌似百花齊放、樣貌多元，卻往往無以延續，缺乏長期永續經營的生態。在這樣的嚴峻現象之下，台灣本土仍是有為數眾多既非官方舉辦、亦非商業訴求的影展單位刻苦延續至今，對這片土地的影視文化寫下歷史；本研究從特別聚焦「獨立」影展現象，以文化中的獨立價值探討與影展個案存在事實辯證出當代影展環境現況：在缺少穩定足夠資源之下，無論於政策面、策展面、觀眾面、產業環境面皆存在大量迫切需要改變之事實，也因台灣本國影視研究中的影展主題已在少數，更是沒有宏觀檢視整體台灣影展整體現象的先例，因此欲以台灣獨立影展現象與經驗歸納提供相關研究成果。 本研究以城市遊牧影展、南方影展及台灣國際女性影展為個案，預計自三種層次、範圍由大至小分別為「影展概論」、「影展與開放系統理論」和「台灣影展的獨立性」切入；彙集影展研究的相關文本資料，以深度訪談法進行理論與實務比對，相互驗證分析後歸納出結論與建議。本研究結論如下：(1)本研究由城市遊牧影展、南方影展及女性影展此三大個案訪談並聯合文獻探討歸納結果呈現於研究結果與分析中 (2)經由開放系統理論以及利益團體歸納出本研究整理之開放系統理論圖，並依此設計為訪談問題、經由個案獲得驗證；影響台灣獨立影展策展環境的關鍵因素為開放系統理論中五大結構：影片提供、輸入的能源、能源轉換能力、能源的輸出、評論媒體 (3)由研究結果資料中分析拆解出問題與困境元素為：影片提供的來源、內容、資源、政策、招標制度、補助、預算、核銷制度、節目內容與走向、時程探討，企業捐助與投資、影展價值、常設組織、工作組織、人力、票房、觀影習慣、觀眾族群、媒體正負向影響皆存再問題與困境與迫切改變之事實與建議。"Film Festival" as a kind of viewing field, by means of not only the specific hardware viewing field, it means more like an exhibition organization of design and execution, but is different from general theatrical film in way. Since the early 1980s, “Taipei Golden Horse Film Festival”, more than 30 years many festivals appeared in various cities, different issues, students, and national topics such as film festivals. It’s an indispensable culture platform for Taiwanese film industry, curator unit and the audience. But senior in film festival “South Taiwan Film Festival” in 2016 announced the End-of-life, cause surprise in movie and film festival field in Taiwan, but this single event into Taiwan's film festival in terms of context for a long time observation.Though Taiwan's film festival is plentiful, rich of appearance, but have left for a variety of factors. Like the absurdity of a lack of long-term sustainable business, especially the not officially, "independent" film festival, because the absence of stable resources, whether the policy level, curator level, the audience level, industrial environment level are all existed a lot of urgent need to change the facts. But also because in the study of media in Taiwan, film festival theme has been in a minority, didn’t got the synoptic level to examine the overall precedent of film festival research, so this study would like to provide some relevant research results and experience for Taiwan's film festival environment issues faced by inductive. This study will take “Urban Nomad Film Festival ”, “South Taiwan Film Festival” and “Women Make Waves Film Festival, Taiwan” as study cases, expected from the three aspects "introduction of film festival", “open system theory and model of film festival " and " Taiwan independent film festival " to start it. By the method of depth interview, analyze the few text data in the study of film festival, also generalize a conclusion after the empirical theory mutual authentication and offer suggestion.