單次性不同認知要求運動對於抑制控制之影響：事件關聯電位及隨機交叉試驗研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討單次性不同認知要求運動對於抑制控制之行為及其電生理表現之 影響。本研究為組內交叉設計，30 名男性參與者 (平均年齡為 22.4 ± 2 歲) 參與三個不 同情境，分別是 20 分鐘高認知要求運動、低認知要求運動及動態控制情境，情境的順 序則由隨機方式產生。在每次介入前後都會測量旁側干擾作業並同時紀錄腦波及分析作 業刺激之後的 N2 及 P3 波來瞭解單次性不同認知要求運動對於抑制控制之行為表現及 其神經電生理機制。在行為結果方面，不論認知作業情境，參與者在進行兩種運動情境 後都相對於動態控制情境有較短的反應時間且受到作業情境所產生的干擾 (flanker effect 反應時間) 也較小，表示參與者在運動後都有較佳的抑制控制行為表現，並分別 呈現大 (效果量介於–0.934 至–1.07) 及中等的效果 (效果量介於–0.502至–0.507)。 在電生理結果方面，在一致情境下，參與者在進行兩種運動情境後都相對於主動控制情 境都有較短的 N2 潛時;不分作業情境，則有較短的 P3 潛時，顯示參與者在運動後能促 進刺激辨識的速度，其效果量為中等 (效果量介於 –0.507 至 –0.777)。值得注意的是， 只有高認知要求運動情境相較於主動控制情境，參與者有較短的 N2 differecne 潛時，其 效果量為中等 (−0.528)，而三個情境與 N2 differecne 潛時的效果呈現顯著線性關係，說 明高認知要求運動情境能更有效的處理抑制控制歷程。整體而言，本研究發現從事單次 性高低認知要求運動皆有助於抑制控制之行為及電生理表現，認知要求較高的運動則與 較有效率的抑制控制神經運作有關。

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive demand during acute exercise on the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of inhibitory control. In a within- participants design, 30 male participants (mean age = 22.4 ± 2 years) performed 20-min sessions of high cognitive-demand exercise (HE), low cognitive-demand exercise (LE), and an active control (AC) on separate days in a randomized order. A modified flanker task was administered to assess inhibitory control before and after the interventions, and electroencephalography was used to derive stimulus-elicited N2 and P3 components. Behavioral data showed that the participants performed significantly shorter reaction time (RT), regardless of congruency and a reduced RT flanker effect following HE and LE compared with the AC condition with large and medium effect sizes, respectively. Electrophysiological data revealed that compared with the AC condition, acute HE and LE had facilitative effects on stimuli evaluation, as indicated by significantly shorter N2 latency for congruent trials and P3 latency regardless of congruency with medium effect sizes. Compared with the AC condition, only acute HE elicited more efficient neural processes in conditions requiring high inhibitory control demand, as indicated by shorter N2 difference latency, with a medium effect size. Overall, the findings suggest that acute HE and LE facilitate inhibitory control and the electrophysiological substrates of target evaluation. Acute exercise with higher cognitive demand may be associated with more refined neural processing for tasks demanding greater amounts of inhibitory control.