台灣發展公民電廠的社會接受度評估-以計畫行為理論探討太陽能群眾募資之影響因素

Abstract

臺灣的公民電廠發展正處於初期階段，尚有許多值得討論與研究空間，而過往相關研究多以再生能源政策法規面或策略面進行探討，較少從市場接受度與社會接受度的觀點進行討論。本研究旨在瞭解影響民眾透過太陽能募資平台參與太陽能發電計畫之因素，為達成所設定之研究目的，本研究採用混合研究方法，以量化研究為主，質性研究為輔。量化研究使用問卷調查法，以計畫行為理論做為研究理論依據，透過自編問卷做為研究工具，隨機發放給台北市、新北市與台中市民眾與環團組織成員，總計回收594份有效樣本，並使用SPSS與AMOS等軟體進行統計資料與結構方程模型分析。質性研究則採取深度訪談法，以瞭解民眾對於太陽能發電的想法與實際參與狀況。根據問卷調查結果發現，知覺行為控制為行為意圖最重要的影響因子，而環境知識為影響行為意圖的次要因子，態度與主觀規範雖會正向影響行為意圖，但影響效果較小。另外，環境關注會正向影響態度、主觀規範與知覺行為控制，環境知識會正向影響知覺行為控制。透過訪談結果發現，太陽能募資平台能否給與大眾足夠的信心是關鍵所在，且降低最低參與金額可提升民眾的參與意願與能力，另外募資平台若能提供二手交易的服務，將會減少民眾在財務風險方面的擔憂。本研究結果與發現將可提供我國推動公民電廠如:太陽能募資平台做為參考。Since community energy projects in Taiwan are still in the beginning stage, a lot of important issues should be investigated. Most researches were focused on the renewable energy policies, regulations, or strategies in the past, and few researches were concerned about the perspectives of market, society, and community acceptance.This study is aimed to investigate the factors that affect the public participation in the solar power generation plan through solar crowdfunding platforms. In order to achieve the research purposes, this research adopts a mixed research method, including the quantitative research mainly, and also be supplemented by qualitative research. Quantitative research were designed based on the theory of planned behavior and the self-compiled questionnaires survey was used. Questionnaires were randomly distributed to the people living in Taipei City, New Taipei City, and Taichung City and to the members of environmental groups. Finally, 594 valid samples were collected and then both SPSS and AMOS softwares were used to analyze the statistical data and to build the structural equation modeling. In addition, the in-depth interview was used in qualitative research to collect the opinions of participating in solar power generation plan through solar crowdfunding platforms.The final results of the structural equation modeling show that perceived behavioral control is the most important factor influence on behavior intention. While environmental knowledge is the secondary factor that affects behavior intention. Although attitudes and subjective norms positively affect behavior intention, the effect is relatively weak. Additionally, environmental concern will positively affect attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control; while environmental knowledge will positively affect perceived behavioral control. The results of the interview show that the critical issue is the confidence of the solar crowdfunding platform and reducing the minimum funding amount will increase the willingness and ability of the public to participate. In addition, if the crowdfunding platform can provide the public with second-hand transaction services, it will reduce the financial risks for the public who are concerned. The findings of this research may contribute to the development of community energy projects such as solar crowdfunding platform in Taiwan.