看到韌性:歷經機構安置離院個案之自立生活經驗

Abstract

離院個案確實存在自立生活的需求，尤其當家庭無法扮演支持性角色時，離院個案往往被迫提早進入獨立自主的生活階段。過去研究多看到離院個案在自立過程中的負面影響與困境，忽略離院個案本身的優勢和韌性展現的可能性。本研究以質性研究深入訪談方式，瞭解離院個案的自立生活歷程，並且探討他們如何面對生活挑戰和因應困境，企圖看到離院個案的韌性保護因子。研究共訪談七位曾歷經機構安置、至少自立生活兩年以上的離院個案，研究結果發現： 1.離院個案的自立生活歷程皆在追求穩定的生活，存在努力奮鬥的一面。在不同的離院準備和生活環境下，發展成四種自立樣貌：「穩定成長型」、「努力奮鬥型」、「突破重圍型」以及「載浮載沉型」。 2.個人韌性因子多寡會影響離院個案的因應策略和自立發展。然而，離院個案即使在自立過程中遭受不同程度的挑戰，但多數依舊能運用個人所擁有的內外在力量或資源來因應生活挑戰。 3.整體而言，離院個案的自立生活歷程需要長時間的陪伴、仰賴安置期間正向照顧環境以及自立後友善環境的提供，才是促使離院個案往更正向穩定之路前進的關鍵因素。

研究者根據研究結果，分別針對安置機構、追輔單位以及政策提出建議。在整體建議上，除強調應正向關注離院個案的自立生活經驗外，更應將韌性觀點實踐在離院服務執行和規畫上，以培養離院個案的韌性因子或優勢，累積社會資本或能力。

Care leavers do have the needs of independent living, especially when their families can’t play the roles of supporters. Usually, in this situation care leavers are forced to enter the independence stage early. However, the existing researches focus more on the negative sides and difficulties of the care leavers’ independent living experiences than the strength or resilience innate in them. This study aims to provide a qualitative research to examine the care leavers’ independent living experiences and to explore how they confront the challenges and overcome the difficulties in their lives. To further demonstrate my assertions, this study targets on the seven care leavers who had received the residential replacements and had been living independently for at least two years. The main findings are as follows: 1. Care leavers seek stable lives and they show their striving attitudes in their independent living experiences. According to different leaving care and living situations, care leavers are divided into four types: ‘Moving on’, ‘Striving’, ‘Breaking the frame’ and ‘Shaky and unstable’. 2. Protective factors may affect care leavers’ strategies and development of being independent. However, care leavers can use their inner and outer strength or resources to overcome the difficulties, even though they have face various challenges. 3. Generally speaking, for the care leavers, long-term company, positive adjustment environment, and friendly independent living surroundings help them move towards a stable and positive way. According to my findings, this study provides some suggestions to improve the service system. Overall speaking, the policy and practice work should focus not only on the positive sides of the care leavers’ independent living experiences, but also on the practice of implementing the resilience perspective into the cultivation of care leavers’ protective factors or strength.