莫札特幻想曲之分析與詮釋──以《前奏曲與賦格》作品394、《幻想曲》作品397及《幻想曲》作品475為例

Abstract

十八世紀的歐洲處於「啟蒙運動」（The Enlightment）時期，理性時代的開端，影響了整個歐洲的文學、藝術和音樂發展，莫札特（Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1756-1791）即是處於音樂風格轉變的過渡時期。透過旅行的閱歷，莫札特結識了許多音樂家好友，接觸到多樣的風格與創作技法，致使他的作品中，有著豐富的音樂風格融合。

本文著重於莫札特的幻想鍵盤作品闡述，以《C大調幻想曲與賦格》作品394 （Prelude and Fugue in C Major, K.394）、《D小調幻想曲》作品397（Fantasia in D minor, K.397）與《C小調幻想曲》作品475（Fantasia in C minor, K.475）討論，共分為五個章節。第一章緒論，分為研究動機與研究目的、研究範圍與研究方法。第二章創作背景探討，介紹鍵盤幻想曲的流變與概述、創作背景概述，及莫札特的鋼琴作品特色。第三章為樂曲分析，分別探討三首作品之曲式架構、調性、主題、和聲、節奏與織度等。第四章演奏詮釋，針對速度掌握、力度記號、旋律及節拍節奏度等綜合討論。第五章結語，綜合以上研究內容，整合歸納結論。

Europe was in "The Enlightenment Period" in the 18th century. This was the beginning of the age of rationality; it has affected the entire European literature, art, and music development. Mozart（W.A. Mozart, 1756-1791）was born in a transition period of styles. As he encountered many talented musicians through numerous of travel experiences; his compositions contains abundant diversities and techniques. This thesis is mainly focusing on Mozart's fantasy keyboard works─Prelude and Fugue in C Major, K.394, Fantasia in D Minor, K.397, and Fantasia in C minor, K.475. The entire thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction; it consist the research motivation, the goal, and the research methodology. The second chapter is the background of composition, which is introducing the evolution of keyboard fantasy, the overview of the background, the style and the characteristic of Mozart's piano compositions. The third chapter is the analysis; which discusses the form of music, tonality, theme, harmony, rhythm and texture of the three Fantasies. The fourth chapter is the interpretation of the performance, which emphasize on the control of tempo, dynamics, melody and rhythm. The fifth chapter is the conclusion which summarizes the previous chapters by a brief discussion.