陪伴未就學未就業少年穩定就業之服務經驗初探

Abstract

未就學未就業少年主要面臨的就業困境是求職不易，當中原因包括就業準備不足、對勞動市場的運作不熟悉或技能不符合職場需求，這些因素會削弱他們的就業競爭力。若青少年長期無法順利進入職場，可能對個人、家庭及社會造成不同程度的負面影響。本研究旨在探討促成未就學未就業少年穩定就業的內外在條件，以社會認知生涯理論為基礎，分析生涯自我效能如何影響青少年的選擇和行動，並檢視工作者所提供的支持，如何協助他們實現穩定就業。本研究採用質性研究的深度訪談法，透過立意抽樣來選取對象，邀請現行服務於未就學未就業少年的工作者，總計訪談五間機構、八位受訪者，並以持續比較法進行資料處理與分析。本研究結論如下：一、未就學未就業少年的就業服務方法，對於司法議題青少年，工作者會著重於過程培力，包括協助認清就業需求、確立職涯目標及提升就業技能等。對於身心議題青少年，工作者的服務會側重於建構正向經驗，旨在增強自我認同與社會互動，並提升對未來職涯的信心和能力；工作者會優先處理影響生活穩定的核心問題，在基礎穩固後，將逐步引導他們至就業層面。二、生存需求與生涯發展的選擇，青少年進入職場的原因通常是出於生活壓力，包括賺取經濟收入或配合司法處置，而非以生涯發展為主要目的，工作者將協助他們探索不同職業的可能性，增進對未來的正向預期。本研究提出建議如下：一、對實務工作的建議，建議工作者以未來發展為導向提供就業服務，提升青少年的生涯自我效能；建議相關機構定期舉辦交流會議，促進工作者之間的經驗分享和專業學習；建議政府機關設置青少年就業資源平台，建造友善的職場環境，並提供多元化的就業機會。二、對未來研究的建議，建議探討不同背景的未就學未就業少年族群，更全面地了解他們在就業過程中的困難與挑戰；建議研究範圍擴大至未就學未就業少年族群及其他縣市，能夠更貼近他們的真實狀況，並分析不同地區就業服務模式的差異性。NEET face significant employment challenges, primarily due to difficulty in job searching. The underlying reasons include insufficient job preparedness, unfamiliarity with labor market operations, and skills that do not align with workplace demands, all of which diminish their employment competitiveness. Prolonged inability to integrate into the workforce can have varying negative impacts on individuals, families, and society. This study aims to explore the internal and external conditions that facilitate stable employment for NEET. Using Social Cognitive Career Theory as a framework, the research analyzes how career self-efficacy influences youth's choices and actions, while examining the support provided by practitioners in helping them achieve stable employment. This research adopts a qualitative approach, employing in-depth interviews with purposive sampling. Participants include practitioners currently serving NEET, with interviews conducted across five organizations involving eight respondents. Data were processed and analyzed using the constant comparative method. The findings are as follows: 1. Employment Service Approaches for NEET: For youth with judicial issues, practitioners focus on empowerment during the process, including helping them recognize employment needs, establish career goals, and enhance job skills. For youth with mental health challenges, services emphasize creating positive experiences to strengthen self-identity, social interaction, and confidence in their future careers. Practitioners prioritize addressing core issues that impact life stability before gradually guiding these youth toward employment.2. The Choice Between Survival Needs and Career Development: Youth often enter the workforce due to survival pressures, such as earning income or complying with judicial requirements, rather than prioritizing career development. Practitioners assist them in exploring various occupational possibilities, fostering a positive outlook toward their future.Recommendations:1. For Practical Work: Practitioners are encouraged to provide employment services with a future-oriented approach to enhance youth's career self-efficacy. Relevant organizations should host regular exchange meetings to promote experience sharing and professional learning among practitioners. Government agencies should establish a youth employment resource platform, create a supportive work environment, and offer diverse employment opportunities. 2. For Future Research: Studies should explore different subgroups of NEET to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their challenges during the employment process. The research scope should be expanded to include NEET from other counties and cities, to better reflect their real-life situations and analyze the differences in employment service models across regions.