城鄉原住民國小學童身體活動量與健康體適能之比較研究

Abstract

本研究的目的在探討城鄉原住民國小學童身體活動量與健康體適能之差異及其相關性。本研究以台北縣及台東縣國小四、五、六年級695名學童為對象，城市取樣台北縣4所都會型小學，總計男生160名、女生148名。鄉村取樣台東縣之偏遠國小為對象，擇取6所，總計男生192名、女生195名。本研究以身體質量指數、仰臥起坐、坐姿體前彎、立定跳遠及八百公尺跑走等項目進行施測，並填寫三日身體活動回憶量表。將所得的資料，以t-檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關等分析處理，顯著水準為α＝.05。研究結果得知： ㄧ、鄉村原住民男學童在身體活動上顯著高於城市原住民男學童，鄉 村原住民女學童在假日身體活動量上顯著高於城市原住民女學童。 二、鄉村原住民男、女學童坐姿體前灣、一分鐘仰臥起坐、立定跳遠及800公尺跑走成績顯著高於城市原住民男、女學童。 三、台東縣六大族群男學童身體活動量上有顯著差異，經Scheffe法 事後比較發現各族間沒有顯著差異，以平均數來看，阿美族男童身體活動量 最大。 四、台東縣六大族群女學童身體活動量沒有顯著差異。 五、不同族群原住民男童在坐姿體前彎及800公尺上有顯著差異存在。 六、不同族群原住民女童坐姿體前彎、仰臥起坐及八百公尺跑走上有顯 著差異存在。 七、原住民男童身體活動量與屈膝仰臥起坐有顯著正相關，與八百公 尺跑走時間有顯著負相關。原住民女童身體活動量與立定跳遠成顯 著正相關與八百公尺跑走時間有顯著負相關。A Comparison of Physical Activity Levels and Health-related Physical Fitness between Urban and Suburban Aboriginal Kids in Elementary Schools June, 2005 Researcher: Chiao-mu Wang Instructing Professor: Chun-chin Cho Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference and relationship of physical activity levels and health-related physical fitness between urban and suburban aboriginal kids in elementary schools. The subjects of this study were grade 4, 5 and 6 kids in elementary schools from Taipei and Taitung counties. The samples in urban group were taken from 4 urban-type elementary schools, with 160 boys and 148 girls in total; where as for the suburban group, a total of 192 boys and 195 girls from 6 schools were included. The study applied tests like BMI, sit-ups, sit and reach the performance keen-ins, the long jump and the eight hundred meter run; in addition, subjects were asked to complete a Three days memory recording. Information obtained from above tests was then analyzed and processed with t-test of individual sample, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, with a significant level of α=.05. The study result demonstrated that:

I. The physical activity level of suburban aboriginal boys was significantly higher than urban aboriginal boys; whereas the holiday physical activity level of suburban aboriginal girls was significantly higher than urban aboriginal girls. II. The scores for the sit and reach the performance keen-ins, sit-ups within one minute, the long jump and the eight hundred meter run from the suburban aboriginal boys and girls were significantly better than those from urban aboriginal boys and girls. III. The physical activity levels of boys from the six major tribes in Taitung seemed to show significant difference; however, after analyzing with Scheffe's post-hoc comparisons, the result failed to show any significant difference. When comparing the averages between each tribe, the boys from A-mei tribe had the highest physical activity level. IV. The girls from the six major tribes showed no significant difference in physical activity levels. V. Boys from different tribes showed significant difference in the sit and reach the performance keen-ins and the eight hundred meter run. VI. Girls from different tribes showed significant difference in the sit and reach the performance keen-ins, sit-ups and the eight hundred meter run. VII. For the aboriginal boys, the physical activity level is positively related with the sit-ups within one minute and negatively related with the eight hundred meter run. For the aboriginal girls, the physical activity is positively related with the long jump and negatively related with the eight hundred meter run.

Keywords: Urban and suburban, aborigine, kids in elementary school, physical activity levels, health-related fitness