臺語三音節同義並列式副詞
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Date
2013-09-01
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國立成功大學台灣文學系台語研究室
Abstract
漢語時常透過同義詞並列ê方式合成一个新ê複合詞，m-kú，是以雙音節詞為主。本研究卻發現，台語內底存在bē少三音節同義並列式副詞，thang講是台語詞彙頂頭一个真大ê特色。而且，tsia-ê三音節同義並列式副詞tī構詞頂面，無論是按韻律ê角度抑是詞法結構ê角度來看，lóng kap漢語有真大ê精差。本研究透過日治時期語料ê分析發現，tsia-ê三音節副詞大多數是對兩个雙音節副詞透過並列ê方式所複合形成ê。有兩个必要條件促成這款新ê三音節複合副詞ê產生：第一，兩个有同義關係ê雙音節副詞ê連用、第二，兩个有共同詞素ê雙音節副詞ê連用。有一个制約機制影響複合ê選項，就是詞頻。當配對ê關係是複數關係ê時，通常，詞頻khah kuân hit兩个同義詞會得著複合ê機會。Koh，這款構詞型態tī台語內底有繼續teh生湠ê趨勢，真值得觀察。
Chinese languages usually compound new words by coordinating synonyms, most of which are bi-syllabic words. However, this study found numbers of trisyllabic synonym-coordinated adverbs in Taiwanese. This could be a special word formation. In addition, these coordinated adverbs are very different from similar elements in other Chinese dialects in terms of phonology or morphology. In the study, we analyzed data from the Japanese era and found that most of the three-syllable coordinated adverbs are actually first formed by compounding two-syllable adverbs. There are two required conditions for making these three-syllable new adverbs possible. First, the two syllables must be synonyms. Second, these two syllables must share one morpheme. There is one more constraint that determines the compounding selection-usage frequency. When there are more than one possibilities for compounding, the higher the frequency is, the more possible that the word will be selected. It is worth observing that this type of word formation is becoming prevalent in the Taiwanese language.
Chinese languages usually compound new words by coordinating synonyms, most of which are bi-syllabic words. However, this study found numbers of trisyllabic synonym-coordinated adverbs in Taiwanese. This could be a special word formation. In addition, these coordinated adverbs are very different from similar elements in other Chinese dialects in terms of phonology or morphology. In the study, we analyzed data from the Japanese era and found that most of the three-syllable coordinated adverbs are actually first formed by compounding two-syllable adverbs. There are two required conditions for making these three-syllable new adverbs possible. First, the two syllables must be synonyms. Second, these two syllables must share one morpheme. There is one more constraint that determines the compounding selection-usage frequency. When there are more than one possibilities for compounding, the higher the frequency is, the more possible that the word will be selected. It is worth observing that this type of word formation is becoming prevalent in the Taiwanese language.