馬祖地質公園之社區參與初探：鐵板社區行動脈絡之例

Abstract

1990年代末，聯合國教科文組織提出「地質公園」的概念，作為保護世界襲產的倡議，以「永續」精神作為號召，透過關心在地環境的社群，形成地質公園「網絡」的概念。臺灣導入地質公園概念，源於臺灣地景保育的目標，可善用地質公園核心價值來實踐，包含地景保育、環境教育、地景旅遊、社區參與。其中，社區參與是廣納透過在地社區或群的環境守護力量，行「由下而上」的政治參與。本研究以結構化理論作為馬祖社會變遷的視角依據，聚焦於地方社區對於地質公園的行動與互動；利用文獻資料、田野調查作為資料基礎，再以質性訪談成果串接全文。案例以連江縣南竿鄉鐵板社區為場域，探討地質公園政策進入馬祖的相關組織，如何和地方社區互動、合作，其中又遭遇了什麼現實與困境。

鐵板社區受地理因素、歷史發展、戰地政務等結構性的因素影響，而呈現獨特的社會與文化風格，她在近半世紀以來，歷經了人口外移、老化等問題。本研究以鐵板社區為了解地質公園之案例，鐵板在1990年代的社區營造以自主參與社造歷程與成果頗具代表，也體現小島物質生活與硬體設施的改善，但軟體部分則持續存在著缺乏年輕勞動力問題，是社區發展的重要問題；馬祖地質公園在轉動社區參與的成效有限，除與協會本身人力不足之限制有關外，如何與社區間的雙向溝通與互動亦存有進步空間。改善人力困境與理解社區當前的發展需求與願景、社區積極對話並相互認識與理解，是馬祖地質公園發展的重要課題。In the late 1990s, UNESCO put forward the concept of Geopark as an initiative to protect the world's earth heritage, with environmental sustainability as a goal. With community engagement in conserving local environment and landscape, networking among community members and Geoparks becomes a crucial element. “Geopark” stems from the goal of landscape conservation in Taiwan, which can be practiced with the core values of geoparks, including landscape conservation, environmental education, landscape tourism, and community participation. Among them, community participation is a “bottom-up” process that mobilizes the environmental protection forces of local communities.This research utilizes structuration theory as a base for understanding the social change of Matsu, and focuses on the action and response of the local community towards Geopark. Literature review and field survey are basic for the study, and the contents and results of qualitative interviews are used to further understand communities. Tieban community of Nangan Township is taken a s a case to understand how relevant organizations and geopark policy interact and cooperate with local community,and what reality and dilemma are encountered.Tieban community is highly influenced by structural factors, such as geographic factors, historical development and military rule, and thus presents a unique social culture. In the past half century, Tieban community experienced out-migration and aging even with a good result of national policy of community building where material life and infrastructure have been established well. However, in terms of software, a lack of young labor force (of lively and creative mind) has been current dilemmafor development. Despite the endeavors of the geopark association, there is room for improvement in the communication and interaction among associations and community members. Therefore,understanding the current development needs and community’s vision and their aspiration for the environmental future with active dialogue among stakeholders is the most important for developing Matsu Geopark.