華人餐飲文化餐具設計之探討

Abstract

飲食是華人日常生活中重要的一環，華人對於飲食的要求漸由飽腹，晉升至追求心靈的滿足；另一方面，由於國際交流頻繁他國的飲食正逐漸融入華人飲食文化之中，影響華人的飲食型態。本研究以華人飲食文化為背景分析人、飲食、餐具三者間的關係，藉以探討中式餐具設計的元素與方向，設計符合華人用餐情境之餐具。設計創作之系列餐具以中式餐館內圓桌用餐為情境，融入「分盤共享」的概念，並引水墨書畫的形態，將山水意象帶入用餐情境之中，從餐具中體驗文化意境與飲食美感。 研究方法分為文獻分析和個案研究兩部分，首先藉由蒐集華人飲食文化發展歷程的文獻，整理出華人飲食文化與餐具使用的特徵；其次透過個案研究將華人飲食與日本、法國的飲食文化及餐具使用方式相互比較，藉此更深入了解華人的飲食文化下餐具的使用特性；再選出台灣台北地區四家中式餐廳實地訪查，分析華人餐具使用的現況，並透過創作實驗，發展華人飲食文化的精神，應用於中式餐具設計之中。 飲食文化與餐具間的關係，象徵餐具與人之間的聯繫，將中式餐具定位為表現飲食美感、傳達華人文化精神的器具；再轉換飲食文化的特徵轉換為具有象徵意義的造型、紋飾，賦予餐具故事性，使文化以平易近人的樣貌，展現在飲食的體驗之中；並利用新的分盤方式，傳達華人飲食共食共享的精神。在與人的關係之外，餐具猶如用餐意境的縮影，後續研究建議可針對空間與餐具設計，深入探討不同用餐空間對於餐具設計的影響，探尋中式餐具設計的新方向。Food and Drink plays an important and necessary part in Chinese daily life. Nowadays, the relationship between the taste and the vision gets closer in Chinese dietary culture to seek for better life. The study was conducted to investigate the relationship among the man, foods, and tableware, and find the principles and elements for designing the Chinese new-typed tableware.

Firstly, find the traits of Chinese dietary Culture from analyzing documentary realities. Secondly, in two parts of the case studies compare Chinese dietary Culture with Japanese and French cultures to discover the differences between cultures. Then sift four Chinese-style restaurants from Taipei in Taiwan as the study cases to analyze the situation over dinner.

Finally, the conclusions of the way of designing as follows: 1. To realize the characteristics of Chinese cultural foods like commensal behavior and symbolized patterns. 2. To consider functions of the newest dining types to design tableware. 3. To blend features between Eastern and Western dietary Cultures for tableware. 4. To solve some problems at dining, like removing extra oil.

The series of the design of tableware includes public and private parts. The final design reflects the image of mountain and water in Chinese ink painting to create the atmosphere at dinging. As Chinese tableware is recognized as a role to show substantially the spirit of Chinese dietary culture, the tableware itself may be given some stories on to make users feel closer to the culture hidden behind the stories.

As tableware is an epitome of dining space, the future research can keep exploring the new direction of Chinese tableware design by searching for more harmonious relationship between the dining space and tableware.